Leptinella squalida (Brass Buttons)

Leptinella squalida (Brass Buttons) is a versatile and attractive option for gardeners seeking a robust, low-maintenance ground cover with unique aesthetic qualities. Its ability to adapt to various growing conditions and its appealing texture make it a popular choice in diverse landscaping projects.

Leptinella squalida – Brass Buttons: An In-depth Look

Leptinella squalida, commonly known as Brass Buttons, is a low-growing, mat-forming perennial plant known for its unique, finely dissected leaves and its utility in landscaping as a ground cover or lawn alternative. It is characterized by its small, feathery, fern-like leaves, which give it a soft, mossy appearance. The foliage color ranges from green to almost black, adding a distinctive texture and color contrast when used in gardens.

Native: This plant is native to New Zealand, thriving in a range of environments from coastal to alpine regions, which speaks to its adaptability. It belongs to the Asteraceae family, which includes daisies and sunflowers.

Plant Type and Habit: Leptinella squalida is a herbaceous perennial and a ground cover. It spreads rapidly through shallow rhizomes, forming dense mats that can effectively suppress weed growth and cover large areas.

Size: It is very low-growing, typically reaching only about 2-3 inches in height, but can spread widely, up to several feet, if conditions are favorable.

Flowers: The flowers of Leptinella squalida are tiny, button-like, and not particularly showy, with a yellow-green color. They appear in late spring to early summer. The plant produces small, inconspicuous fruits following flowering, which are rarely noticed and not ornamentally significant.

Foliage: The foliage is the most visually appealing aspect of the plant, with its small, delicate leaves, up to 2 inches long (5 cm), that resemble miniature fern fronds. The foliage tolerates some foot traffic and is evergreen in USDA Zones 9-10.

Hardiness: Brass Buttons is hardy in USDA zones 4 through 10, making it suitable for a wide range of climates, from temperate to sub-alpine regions.

Uses: It is commonly used as a ground cover in gardens where grass might struggle to grow, such as in shady areas under trees. It’s also ideal for fairy gardens, between stepping stones, and in other small-scale landscaping applications where its texture and color can be appreciated up close. It’s also excellent as a lawn alternative, especially in areas where traditional grass struggles.

Toxicity: Leptinella squalida is not known to be toxic to humans or pets, making it a safe choice for use in home gardens and public spaces.

Invasiveness: In suitable climates, Leptinella squalida can be quite aggressive. Its ability to spread quickly and form dense mats can make it invasive in some settings, so it should be used with consideration and potentially contained.

Benefits: Its main benefits are aesthetic and functional; it provides an attractive, low-maintenance ground cover that can withstand foot traffic and reduce weed growth.

Brass Buttons: How to Grow and Care

Brass Buttons is a low-maintenance, mat-forming perennial that adds a delicate, fern-like texture to gardens. Here’s how to grow and care for Brass Buttons effectively:

Light: Prefers full sun to partial shade. In hotter climates, some afternoon shade can help protect the plant from excessive heat. Tolerates a range of light conditions, making it versatile for different garden spots.

Soil: Thrives in well-draining soil. While it prefers moist, fertile soil, it can tolerate poorer soils if they drain well. Adapts to a variety of soil pH levels but prefers acidic, organically rich loams.

Water: Keep the soil consistently moist, but not waterlogged. Overwatering can lead to root rot. Brass Buttons is not drought tolerant.

Temperature: Hardy in USDA zones 4 through 10. In zones 9-10, the leaves remain evergreen, while in colder regions, it will die back in winter and re-emerge in spring.

Fertilizer: Feed lightly with a balanced, slow-release fertilizer at the beginning of the growing season to promote lush growth. Over-fertilizing can lead to leggy growth and fewer leaves.

Pruning: Minimal pruning is needed. Remove any damaged or diseased foliage as necessary to maintain plant health and appearance.

Propagation: Easily propagated by dividing the root ball in spring or fall. Make sure each section has roots and replant immediately.

Brass Buttons: Common Problems

Brass Buttons, although hardy and low-maintenance, can sometimes face a few common problems, particularly in non-ideal conditions. Here’s how to identify and address these issues:

Overwatering

• Symptoms: Soggy soil, root rot, and yellowing leaves are typical signs of overwatering.
• Solution: Ensure the planting area has good drainage. Water only when the top inch of soil feels dry to the touch, and be especially cautious with watering during cooler months.

Underwatering

• Symptoms: Dry, crispy leaves and stunted growth indicate underwatering.
• Solution: Increase watering frequency, ensuring the soil remains evenly moist but not waterlogged. During hot, dry periods, supplemental watering may be necessary.

Poor Soil Drainage

• Symptoms: Water pooling around the plant base and general plant decline.
• Solution: Amend the soil with coarse sand or organic matter to improve drainage. Consider raised beds or containers if drainage cannot be improved in the ground.

Fungal Diseases

• Common Issues: Root rot and leaf spot are potential fungal problems, especially in wet conditions.
• Solution: Improve air circulation around the plants and reduce leaf wetness by watering at the base of the plant. If necessary, apply a fungicide according to label directions.

Pests

• Common Pests: Slugs and snails are attracted to the lush foliage, especially in damp conditions.
• Solution: Use organic slug and snail baits or barriers such as diatomaceous earth around the plants. Regularly remove any debris that could harbor pests.

Nutrient Deficiency

• Symptoms: Poor growth and discoloration of leaves.
• Solution: Apply a balanced, slow-release fertilizer at the start of the growing season to promote healthy growth. Be careful not to over-fertilize, which can lead to other issues.