Cactus
Cacti are fascinating plants that have adapted to survive in some of the harshest environments on Earth. Here are a few key points you should know:
Adaptations for Survival: Cacti have developed several unique adaptations to thrive in arid environments. Their thick, fleshy stems store water, allowing them to survive long periods of drought. The spines, which are modified leaves, help reduce water loss by providing shade and reducing air flow around the plant. Additionally, cacti perform a type of photosynthesis called CAM (Crassulacean Acid Metabolism), which allows them to keep their stomata closed during the day to minimize water loss and open them at night to absorb carbon dioxide.
Wide Range of Species: There are around 1,800 different species of cacti, ranging from small, barrel-shaped plants to tall, columnar ones like the iconic saguaro cactus. While many cacti are native to desert regions in the Americas, they can also be found in tropical rainforests (epiphytic species like Epiphyllum or the Orchid Cactus) and high-altitude environments.
Ornamental and Functional Use: Cacti are popular ornamental plants because of their low-maintenance care and striking appearance. Many species, like Echinopsis and Mammillaria, produce beautiful, colorful blooms. Cacti like the prickly pear (Opuntia) have edible pads and fruits that are staples in many cuisines, especially in Mexico.
Care and Growing Conditions: Cacti are generally low-maintenance, making them great houseplants. They need plenty of light (at least 4-6 hours of sunlight), well-draining soil, and infrequent watering—typically once every 2-4 weeks, depending on the species and environment. During their dormant period (usually in winter), watering should be reduced even further.
