Root Rot

What is Root Rot?

Root rot is a fungal disease that affects the roots of plants, causing them to decay and die. It is usually caused by overwatering or poor soil drainage, which creates an environment that is too wet for the roots to survive.

The fungus can spread quickly and cause extensive damage to the plant and eventual death if not treated. Root rot can affect a wide variety of plants, both indoors and outdoors, including woody and herbaceous ornamentals.

Where does Root Rot come from?

Root rot is caused by a variety of soil-borne pathogens that thrive in overly wet or poorly drained soil conditions. These pathogens include various species of fungi and water molds that attack the roots of plants and cause them to rot. The fungi and water molds are present in the soil naturally and can be introduced to plants through infected soil, water, and plant debris. Overwatering, poor soil drainage, and high humidity levels create the ideal environment for these pathogens to thrive and cause root rot.

What are the Different Types of Root Rot?

Root rot is a term used to describe a group of plant diseases characterized by a progressive decay of roots. Below are several types:

• Armillaria Root Rot: Caused by fungi in the genus Armillaria, also known as oak root fungus or honey fungus. It can affect hundreds of tree and shrub species.
• Phytophthora Root Rot: Caused by species in the genus Phytophthora, this is a serious disease that can impact a broad range of plants, from trees to vegetables. It’s most serious in poorly drained or overwatered soils.
• Pythium Root Rot: Caused by species in the genus Pythium, this disease primarily affects seedlings and is most prevalent in waterlogged conditions.
• Rhizoctonia Root Rot: Caused by Rhizoctonia solani, it can affect a wide range of plants, including many common vegetables and ornamental plants.
• Fusarium Root Rot: Caused by several Fusarium species, it can affect a wide range of plants, including both woody and herbaceous species.
• Annosus Root Rot: Caused by Heterobasidion annosum, this fungus can infect conifers, including species of fir, pine, and spruce, through fresh stumps or wounded root tissue. After infection, the fungus colonizes the root system and trunk base, causing decay and significant weakening of the structural integrity of the tree.
• Thielaviopsis Root Rot: Also known as black root rot, this disease is caused by the fungus Thielaviopsis basicola and can affect many plants, including ornamentals and turfgrasses.
• Cotton Root Rot: This disease is caused by the fungus Phymatotrichopsis omnivora and is primarily a problem in the southwestern United States. It affects many types of plants, including cotton, fruit trees, and ornamentals.
• Texas Root Rot: Also known as Phymatotrichum root rot, cotton root rot, or Ozonium root rot, it is caused by the fungus Phymatotrichum omnivorum. It primarily affects cotton, alfalfa, and fruit trees.

The hosts, symptoms, and management of these diseases can vary, so correct diagnosis is key for effective control. Most types of root rot are exacerbated by poor drainage, so improving soil conditions and avoiding overwatering are key preventative measures.

Armillaria Root Rot (Honey fungus)

What are the Symptoms?

Root rot is often difficult to identify, as the symptoms can vary depending on the plant species and the severity of the infection. Here are some general signs to look for:

• Yellowing leaves that eventually wilt and fall off
• Stunted growth or reduced vigor
• Roots that are dark brown or black and mushy to the touch
• Foul odor emanating from the roots or soil
• Soil that is consistently wet or waterlogged

If you suspect root rot, gently remove the plant from its pot or soil and examine the roots. Healthy roots should be white or light tan and firm to the touch. If you see roots that are brown, black, or mushy, then your plant may be suffering from root rot. It is important to act quickly to prevent the spread of the disease to healthy plants.

Annosus Root Rot 

How to Control Root Rot?

Controlling root rot can be challenging, but it’s possible to manage the disease with proper care and prevention measures. Here are some ways to control root rot:

• Improve Drainage: Proper drainage is essential to prevent root rot. Make sure to plant in well-draining soil and avoid overwatering.
• Water Carefully: Water plants thoroughly but allow the soil to dry out before watering again. Avoid watering at night and keep leaves dry to reduce moisture and the risk of infection.
• Excess mulch: Excess mulch (over 4 inches or 10 cm) can contribute to root rot by retaining too much moisture and creating an environment conducive to fungal growth. When too much mulch is applied, it can create a barrier that prevents water from evaporating and air from reaching the soil surface.
• Remove Infected Plants: Remove and dispose of infected plants and soil to avoid spreading the disease.
• Sterilize Tools and Containers: Clean and sterilize garden tools and containers to avoid spreading the fungus.
• Use Fungicides: Fungicides can be used to prevent and control root rot. Consult with a gardening expert to choose the best fungicide for your plants, and follow the instructions carefully.
• Plant Resistant Varieties: Some plant varieties are resistant to root rot, so consider choosing them when planting.

Overall, the best way to control root rot is to prevent it from occurring. By providing proper care and taking preventative measures, you can avoid the disease and keep your plants healthy.