Mid-Atlantic Gardening

The Mid-Atlantic region typically includes the states of Delaware, District of Columbia, Maryland, New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania. From a climate standpoint, in relation to gardening, the Mid-Atlantic region has been extended by the National Gardening Association to include southern Ontario of Canada.

The region offers a unique blend of gardening challenges and opportunities. Nestled between the Northeast and the South, this region witnesses a diverse range of temperatures, rainfall, and soil types.

Mid-Atlantic Gardening: A Mélange of Opportunities

Climate and Zone Variations: The Mid-Atlantic regions lies in USDA Hardiness Zones 5-7 and AHS Heat Zones 3-6.

• USDA Hardiness Zones 5-7 are defined by their average annual extreme minimum temperatures. In Zone 5, the average extreme minimum temperature ranges from -20°F to -10°F (-29°C to -23°C). Zone 6 has a slightly milder range, from -10°F to 0°F (-23°C to -18°C). And in Zone 7, the range is 0°F to 10°F (-18°C to -12°C). These temperatures determine which plants are most likely to thrive in these zones.
• The American Horticultural Society’s (AHS) Heat Zones 3-6 are defined by the number of “heat days” — days when the temperature exceeds 86°F (30°C). Zone 3 experiences 1-30 heat days, Zone 4 has 31-45, Zone 5 experiences 46-60, and Zone 6 ranges from 61-75 heat days annually. These zones help gardeners identify plants that can tolerate the region’s heat levels.

Soil Diversity: The region’s soils range from sandy coastal plains to rocky mountains in the west. Many gardeners will benefit from performing a soil test to understand their soil’s pH and nutrient levels. Amending the soil with compost, especially in clay-heavy areas, can improve its fertility and structure.

Plant Selection: Mid-Atlantic gardens can host a plethora of plants. Native perennials like Black-eyed Susans, Joe-Pye weed, and Virginia Bluebells are adaptive and support local wildlife. Deciduous trees, like Dogwood and Red Maple, add spectacular fall color, while evergreens like Eastern Red Cedar provide year-round interest.

Seasonal Gardening: Spring in the Mid-Atlantic is a gardener’s dream, with azaleas, rhododendrons, and cherry blossoms putting on a spectacular show. Summers can be humid, making it vital to choose plants tolerant of heat and occasional drought, such as Coneflowers or Switchgrass. Fall offers a second blooming window with asters and goldenrods, and even winter can be brightened up with the berries of Winterberry Holly or the blooms of Witch Hazel.

Vegetable Gardening: This region is a haven for vegetable gardeners. Warm summers allow for robust tomato, pepper, and squash crops, while cooler spring and fall temperatures are perfect for greens, root veggies, and brassicas. Gardeners can even try their hand at southern specialties like okra or sweet potatoes.

Pest and Disease Management: While the region’s diversity supports many plants, it also invites a range of pests and diseases. Regularly inspecting plants for issues and practicing good garden hygiene, like cleaning tools and not working in wet gardens, can mitigate many problems. Beneficial insects, like ladybugs and praying mantises, can help control pest populations.

Sustainable Practices: Given the region’s occasional susceptibility to drought, incorporating drought-resistant plants and rain gardens can be both beautiful and environmentally friendly. Using native plants not only cuts down on maintenance but also supports local ecosystems. Find beautiful native plants for your area.

Garden for Wildlife: The Mid-Atlantic serves as a transitional zone for many migratory species. Planting a mix of nectar-rich flowers, berry-producing shrubs, and seed-bearing grasses can turn gardens into a haven for birds, butterflies, and beneficial insects.