Epiphyllum ackermannii (Red Orchid Cactus)

Epiphyllum ackermannii, commonly known as Red Orchid Cactus, is a beautiful and popular epiphytic cactus prized for its vibrant blooms and cascading growth habit.

The Red Orchid Cactus is a member of the Cactaceae family, which also includes the popular Chrismas cactus, prickly pear (opuntia), pincushion cactus (mammillaria), and the iconic saguaro cactus and San Pedro cactus.

Description

Epiphyllum ackermannii is admired for its striking, large, funnel-shaped flowers and long, flat stems. It is an epiphytic cactus that grows on trees and derives moisture and nutrients from the air and debris around it. Its flowers come in crimson to scarlet or red, making it a favorite for both indoor and outdoor gardeners.

This orchid cactus was historically grown in the Victorian era when exotic plants became popular in Europe.

Native Habitat

The Red Orchid Cactus is native to the tropical regions of Mexico, where it thrives in the moist, shaded environments of forests.

Plant Type and Habit

This erect, perennial cactus has a trailing growth habit and long, flat, leaf-like stems.

Plant Size

This is a relatively compact plant. Its trailing stems can grow between 12 to 36 inches (30 to 90 cm) tall.

Cactus Flowers

One of the primary attractions of Epiphyllum ackermannii is its large, funnel-shaped flowers. The flowers can be up to 5-6 inches (12-15 cm) in diameter and are typically bright red. They feature contrasting yellow pollen and white stigma lobes. The flowers emerge from the edges of the flattened stems, creating a spectacular display when the plant is in full bloom. They are known for their vibrant, exotic appearance and are sometimes described as orchid-like in beauty.

They bloom primarily in spring, but they can bloom again in late summer or early fall under the right conditions. The flowers typically begin to open in the afternoon or evening and stay open both day and night for several days, usually around three.

Stem and Spines

The stems are long, flattened, and leaf-like, a feature common among epiphytic cacti. They are typically green to dark green, and new growth may appear reddish. The stems are segmented and have a slight sheen, which adds to their ornamental value.

Unlike many desert cacti, Epiphyllum ackermannii is spineless, though it may have small bristles at the areoles (the points where spines would typically grow).

Award

Recipient of the prestigious Award of Garden Merit of the Royal Horticultural Society.

Hardiness

This orchid cactus is not cold-hardy and prefers warm, humid conditions. It thrives in USDA hardiness zones 10-12, where temperatures remain above 50°F (10°C). In cooler regions, it should be grown as a houseplant or brought indoors during colder months.

Uses

• Ornamental: The primary use of this orchid cactus is as an ornamental plant, both indoors and outdoors. Its cascading habit makes it an excellent choice for hanging baskets or containers on patios, where its striking red blooms can be fully appreciated.
• Living Walls: Because of its epiphytic nature, it can also be used in living walls or as part of an epiphytic plant display.

Toxicity

This orchid cactus is generally considered non-toxic to humans and pets. However, like all plants, it should not be ingested in large quantities by pets or children, as it could cause mild digestive upset.

Drought Tolerance

As an epiphytic cactus, Epiphyllum ackermannii is adapted to store water in its stems, allowing it to tolerate periods of dryness. However, it is not as drought-tolerant as desert cacti. It prefers regular watering during its growing season

Invasiveness

This orchid actus is not considered invasive. It grows slowly and is primarily propagated through cuttings or seeds in controlled environments, and it does not pose a threat to native ecosystems.

Benefits

• Aesthetic Appeal: It offers tremendous ornamental value due to its colorful, exotic blooms and trailing habit. It’s a popular choice for hanging baskets, where its long stems can cascade freely.
• Low Maintenance: Once established, it requires minimal care, making it ideal for both beginner and experienced gardeners.

Orchid Cactus Care

Light

The Red Orchid Cactus thrives in bright, indirect light. Direct sunlight can scorch its delicate stems, so it’s best to place it near a window with filtered light or where it receives morning sun and afternoon shade. If grown outdoors, protect it from the harsh midday sun by placing it in partial shade.

Soil

As an epiphytic plant, this cactus prefers a well-draining, acidic soil mix. Use a cactus or orchid potting mix, or create your own by blending equal parts of potting soil, perlite, and bark. Good drainage is crucial to avoid root rot, which the plant is prone to.

Watering

Water the Red Orchid Cactus thoroughly during its growing season (spring through fall), allowing the soil to dry out slightly between waterings. Overwatering can lead to root rot, so ensure that the soil is never soggy. In winter, reduce watering, as the plant enters a semi-dormant phase.

Temperature and Humidity

This cactus prefers moderate to low humidity and warm temperatures, ideally between 60-80°F (16-27°C). It is not frost-tolerant and should be kept indoors or brought inside when temperatures drop below 50°F (10°C).

Fertilizing

During the growing season, fertilize the Red Orchid Cactus every two weeks with a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer diluted to half strength. In winter, stop fertilizing as the plant rests.

Repotting

Repot the Red Orchid Cactus every 2-3 years in fresh soil, especially if the plant becomes root-bound. Choose a pot slightly larger than the previous one, and ensure it has good drainage. Spring is the best time to repot, right before the growing season begins.

Pruning and Propagation

To maintain its shape, prune any leggy or damaged stems. You can easily propagate cuttings by allowing them to callus for a few days before placing them in well-draining soil.

Pests and Diseases

The Red Orchid Cactus is generally pest-resistant but can occasionally suffer from mealybugs and spider mites. Check the plant regularly and treat infestations with insecticidal soap. Additionally, root rot can occur if the plant is overwatered, so ensure proper watering and drainage to avoid this issue.