Cenizo, Purple Sage, Texas Ranger, Texas Barometer Bush, Texas Silverleaf, Texas Sage, Silverleaf
Leucophyllum frutescens, commonly known as Texas Sage, Purple Sage, or Barometer Bush, is a drought-tolerant evergreen shrub native to the arid regions of the southwestern United States and northern Mexico. Renowned for its silvery foliage and periodic bursts of vibrant purple flowers, Texas Sage is a favorite in xeriscaping and low-maintenance gardens. This resilient plant thrives in hot, dry climates and offers ecological benefits by supporting pollinators and requiring minimal water.
Although widely referred to as Texas Sage, this plant is not a true sage and is unrelated to the genus Salvia. Its name reflects its resemblance to sage plants rather than botanical classification.
Belonging to the Scrophulariaceae family, which includes other popular plants such as butterfly bush or mullein, Texas Sage is widely admired for its ability to thrive in harsh conditions while adding beauty to landscapes. Its nickname, “Barometer Bush,” reflects its intriguing habit of blooming in response to changes in humidity, often just before or after rainfall.
Texas Sage is a dense, rounded shrub with soft, silvery-gray leaves that shimmer in sunlight. Its leaves are covered in fine hairs, giving them a velvety texture and aiding in moisture retention. The plant produces tubular, bell-shaped flowers in shades of purple, violet, lavender, or magenta. These blooms are often fragrant and appear intermittently throughout the year, typically after periods of increased humidity.
The shrub’s compact growth habit and stunning seasonal displays make it an ideal choice for both functional and ornamental applications. Its low water requirements and ability to tolerate poor, rocky soils have cemented its reputation as a staple in arid and semi-arid landscapes.
Texas Sage, native to Texas and northern Mexico, thrives in sunny, arid regions characterized by high temperatures, low rainfall, and nutrient-poor soils. Its natural habitats include ditches, ravines, depressions, hillsides, and slopes, showcasing its adaptability to harsh environmental conditions.
Texas Sage is an evergreen shrub with a compact, rounded growth habit. Its dense foliage and symmetrical form make it a versatile plant for hedges, borders, or standalone specimens. The plant’s naturally tidy shape requires minimal pruning, adding to its low-maintenance appeal.
Texas Sage typically grows 5–8 feet (1.5–2.4 meters) tall and 4–6 feet (1.2–1.8 meters) wide. Its moderate size and manageable growth make it suitable for small gardens, large landscapes, or container planting.
The bell-shaped flowers of Texas Sage are its most captivating feature, displaying a stunning range of colors from soft lavender to rich purple. Each flower measures about 1 inch (2.5 cm) in length and blooms in clusters along the leaf axils of the stems.
These vibrant blooms typically appear after summer rains, earning the plant its nickname, “Barometer Bush.” Flowering occurs in short but spectacular bursts during summer and fall, depending on rainfall, with the branches often covered in a breathtaking display of blossoms.
The leaves of Texas Sage are small, oblong, and silvery-gray, measuring about 0.5–1 inch (1.3–2.5 cm) long. They are densely covered with fine hairs, giving them a soft, velvety texture. These hairs help the plant conserve moisture and reflect sunlight, adaptations that enable it to thrive in hot, arid environments. The evergreen foliage provides year-round visual interest and pairs beautifully with the plant’s vibrant blooms.
Leucophyllum frutescens is hardy in USDA Zones 8–10. It tolerates extreme heat, prolonged drought, and poor soil conditions, making it a reliable choice for challenging landscapes. This desert shrub can tolerate temperatures as low as 10–15°F (-12 to -9°C). However, prolonged exposure to freezing temperatures below its tolerance range can cause damage to the foliage and stems.
The nectar-rich flowers of Texas Sage are highly attractive to pollinators, including bees, butterflies, and hummingbirds. In addition to supporting pollinator populations, the shrub offers shelter and nesting sites for small birds and other wildlife. Its dense foliage creates a safe haven for various species, making it an ecologically valuable addition to any garden.
Texas Sage is deer and rabbit resistant due to its aromatic foliage, which deters grazing. Its tough, drought-tolerant nature and silvery leaves make it an excellent choice for landscapes prone to wildlife browsing.
Texas Sage is exceptionally drought-tolerant, requiring little to no supplemental irrigation once established. Its deep root system allows it to access moisture stored deep in the soil, enabling it to thrive in arid climates. This characteristic makes it a popular choice for xeriscaping and other low-water landscaping designs.
Leucophyllum frutescens is considered non-toxic to humans and animals, making it a safe choice for gardens frequented by children and pets.
Texas Sage is not considered invasive. Its slow growth and specific environmental requirements limit its ability to spread uncontrollably outside its native range or cultivated settings.
Texas Sage thrives in full sun, requiring at least 6–8 hours of direct sunlight daily. It can tolerate partial shade but may produce fewer flowers in low-light conditions.
Plant Texas Sage in well-draining, sandy or gravelly soil. It tolerates poor, alkaline soils and does not require nutrient-rich conditions. Avoid heavy clay soils, which can lead to root rot.
Water sparingly, allowing the soil to dry out between waterings. Overwatering can harm the plant, so it’s best to err on the side of caution. Established plants rarely need supplemental irrigation, even in prolonged droughts.
Texas Sage rarely needs fertilizer. If desired, apply a balanced, slow-release fertilizer once in early spring to promote healthy growth.
Prune lightly to shape the plant or remove dead branches. Heavy pruning is not necessary but can be done in late winter to encourage new growth.
When potting Texas Sage, use a well-draining cactus or sandy soil mix to mimic its native arid environment. Choose a container with drainage holes to prevent waterlogging.
Repot every 2–3 years or when the plant outgrows its pot, preferably in spring. Gently loosen the roots and avoid overwatering after repotting. Ensure the plant receives full sun in its new container. Minimal root disturbance and proper drainage are key to maintaining the health and vibrant blooms of potted Texas Sage.
In colder climates, protect Texas Sage from frost by covering it with horticultural fleece or growing it in containers that can be moved indoors during winter.
No serious pest or disease issues. Texas sage may be affected by cotton root rot and powdery mildew.
Texas Sage (Leucophyllum frutescens) is not considered invasive. Its slow growth and specific environmental requirements prevent it from aggressively spreading. It thrives in arid, sunny areas, making it a low-maintenance choice for native and drought-tolerant gardens.
Plant Texas Sage in a location that receives full sun (at least 6 hours daily) and has well-draining soil. Ideal spots include rock gardens, xeriscapes, and borders. It’s perfect for hot, arid regions and can also be used as a hedge or specimen plant.
Texas Sage has a moderate growth rate, typically growing 1–2 feet (30–60 cm) per year under optimal conditions. Established plants grow faster in full sun and well-drained soil.
Plant Texas Sage in spring or fall, when temperatures are moderate, to allow it to establish roots before extreme heat or cold. Fall planting often gives it a head start for spring growth.
Traditionally, Texas Sage has been used in folk medicine to treat minor wounds, respiratory ailments, and fevers. Its leaves were brewed into teas for their antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties, though scientific evidence is limited.
Texas Sage blooms sporadically throughout the year, often triggered by humidity or rainfall, hence its nickname “Barometer Bush.” It typically produces several flushes of blooms in summer and fall, covering the plant with vibrant flowers.
Pair Texas Sage with other drought-tolerant plants like Agave, Yucca, Salvia, Lantana, or ornamental grasses. Its silvery foliage and vibrant flowers complement desert or xeriscape gardens beautifully.
Texas Sage attracts pollinators like bees, butterflies, and hummingbirds with its blooms. It is not prone to pest infestations, although occasional issues with spider mites or aphids can occur in poorly ventilated or overwatered conditions.
Texas Sage is non-toxic to dogs, making it a pet-friendly choice for gardens. However, ingestion of large amounts may cause mild stomach upset due to indigestible plant matter.
A popular myth about Texas Sage is that it blooms only before rainfall, earning it the nickname “Barometer Bush.” While blooms often coincide with increased humidity, it does not reliably predict rain.
| Hardiness |
8 - 10 |
|---|---|
| Climate Zones | 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, H1, H2 |
| Plant Type | Shrubs |
| Plant Family | Scrophulariaceae |
| Common names | Purple Sage, Silverleaf, Cenizo, Texas Ranger, Texas Sage |
| Exposure | Full Sun |
| Season of Interest | Spring (Early, Mid, Late), Summer (Early, Mid, Late), Fall, Winter |
| Height | 5' - 8' (150cm - 240cm) |
| Spread | 4' - 6' (120cm - 180cm) |
| Spacing | 60" - 72" (150cm - 180cm) |
| Maintenance | Low |
| Water Needs | Low |
| Soil Type | Loam, Sand |
| Soil pH | Alkaline, Neutral |
| Soil Drainage | Well-Drained |
| Characteristics | Showy, Evergreen |
| Native Plants | Southwest, Texas, United States |
| Tolerance | Drought, Deer, Dry Soil, Rabbit |
| Attracts | Bees, Hummingbirds, Butterflies |
| Garden Uses | Beds And Borders, Hedges And Screens, Patio And Containers |
| Garden Styles | Mediterranean Garden |
| Hardiness |
8 - 10 |
|---|---|
| Climate Zones | 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, H1, H2 |
| Plant Type | Shrubs |
| Plant Family | Scrophulariaceae |
| Common names | Purple Sage, Silverleaf, Cenizo, Texas Ranger, Texas Sage |
| Exposure | Full Sun |
| Season of Interest | Spring (Early, Mid, Late), Summer (Early, Mid, Late), Fall, Winter |
| Height | 5' - 8' (150cm - 240cm) |
| Spread | 4' - 6' (120cm - 180cm) |
| Spacing | 60" - 72" (150cm - 180cm) |
| Maintenance | Low |
| Water Needs | Low |
| Soil Type | Loam, Sand |
| Soil pH | Alkaline, Neutral |
| Soil Drainage | Well-Drained |
| Characteristics | Showy, Evergreen |
| Native Plants | Southwest, Texas, United States |
| Tolerance | Drought, Deer, Dry Soil, Rabbit |
| Attracts | Bees, Hummingbirds, Butterflies |
| Garden Uses | Beds And Borders, Hedges And Screens, Patio And Containers |
| Garden Styles | Mediterranean Garden |
How many Leucophyllum frutescens (Texas Sage) do I need for my garden?
| Plant | Quantity | |
|---|---|---|
| Leucophyllum frutescens (Texas Sage) | N/A | Buy Plants |
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Becoming a contributing member of Gardenia is easy and can be done in just a few minutes. If you provide us with your name, email address and the payment of a modest $25 annual membership fee, you will become a full member, enabling you to design and save up to 25 of your garden design ideas.
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