Maclura pomifera (Osage Orange)

Once planted in hedgerows, Maclura pomifera (Osage Orange) is a medium-sized, thorny, deciduous tree with a short trunk and a broad rounded crown of interlacing branches studded with stout thorns, 1 in. long (2.5 cm). The ovate shiny dark green leaves turn brilliant yellow in fall. Osage Orange is dioecious, with separate male and female trees. Inconspicuous greenish flowers appear in mid-spring to early summer. The fertilized flowers on female trees give way to inedible green fruits, 3-5 in. across (7-12 cm), resembling oranges or grapefruits (hedge apples). The fruit is eaten by livestock, hence the common name of horse-apple. Thriving in the harshest conditions, tolerant of drought, heat, cold, and wind, Osage Orange is a durable tree that is popular for hedges. Rows of these spiny plants served as fences before the introduction of barbed wire. Native Americans used the wood for archery bows. A good choice for poor soils where other shrubs or trees may struggle.

• Grows up to 30-60 ft. tall and wide (9-18 m).
• A full sun to part shade lover, this plant is easily grown in average, dry to medium, well-drained soils. Tolerates a wide range of soil conditions, including dry soils, wet soils, poor soils, or clay soils. Drought tolerant once established.
• No serious pest or disease issues. Fruits and flowers create a significant litter problem.
• Native to Arkansas, Texas, Louisiana, and Oklahoma, but has naturalized in a variety of environments throughout the United States.
• Find where this species is invasive in the United States.