Opuntia microdasys (Bunny Ears Cactus)

Opuntia microdasys, commonly known as the Bunny Ear Cactus or Polka-Dot Cactus, is a highly distinctive prickly pear cactus species known for its small, pad-like segments covered in yellow or white glochids. Unlike other species in the Opuntia genus, this cactus lacks the long spines typically associated with prickly pears, making it a popular ornamental plant for indoor and outdoor settings.

The Bunny Ear Cactus is a member of the Cactaceae family, which also includes the popular Chrismas cactus, prickly pear (opuntia), pincushion cactus (mammillaria), and the iconic saguaro cactus and San Pedro cactus.

Description

The Bunny Ear Cactus is a bushy, perennial cactus that grows in dense, upright pads resembling bunny ears, which is how it earned its common name. Each pad is covered with clusters of glochids—tiny, barbed bristles—typically yellow or white, giving the cactus a polka-dot appearance. The glochids are not as noticeable as spines but can cause irritation when touched.

The plant’s segments, or pads, are green, oval-shaped, and flattened, growing one on top of the other. In the right conditions, the cactus produces bright yellow flowers, adding to its ornamental appeal.

Native Habitat

The Bunny Ear Cactus is native to central and northern Mexico. It thrives in arid environments, where it grows in rocky soils and dry plains. The cactus is well adapted to these extreme conditions, benefiting from intense sunlight and low rainfall.

Plant Type and Habit

This prickly pear cactus has a clumping growth habit, with new pads growing from the tops of existing pads. The cactus forms dense clusters over time, which can create a bush-like appearance in mature plants.

Plant Size

As a mature plant, the bunny ear cactus will grow 2-3 feet (60-90 cm) tall and spread 4-6 feet (1.2 to 1.8 meters). The pads are usually 4 to 6 inches (10 to 15 cm) long and 2 to 3 inches (5 to 8 cm) wide. Over time, the cactus can form dense, compact clumps that make it a striking addition to any garden or container display.

Cactus Flowers

When properly cared for, the Bunny Ear Cactus produces bright yellow flowers at the tips of its pads. The flowers are typically 2 to 3 inches (5 to 7 cm) in diameter and have a cup-like shape. These flowers bloom during the spring and summer, providing a beautiful contrast to the green pads and white or yellow glochids. Not often seen on plants grown in pots, the blossoms appear in abundance on plants grown in open ground.

The flowers open during the day and may last several days before wilting. The cactus may bloom sporadically throughout the growing season if conditions are favorable.

Fruits

After flowering, this prickly pear cactus produces small, red to purple fruits. These oval-shaped fruits are about 1 to 2 inches (2.5 to 5 cm) long. They contain tiny seeds that can be used for propagation, though the plant is more commonly propagated through cuttings. The fruits are technically edible but are not commonly harvested due to their small size and the presence of glochids.

Stem and Spines

The stem of the Bunny Ear Cactus consists of oval to round, flattened pads that grow in a segmented manner, often stacked on top of each other. When newly formed, these pads appear red but gradually become soft and velvety green as they mature. The cactus earns its “bunny ear” name from how the pads emerge in pairs, resembling rabbit ears.

Though the cactus is spineless, its pads are densely spotted with white areoles spaced neatly across the surface. These areoles bear clusters of glochids—tiny, barbed spines—that can easily detach and cause skin irritation. The glochids are typically yellow or white, forming small dots that give the cactus its signature “polka-dot” appearance. Unlike other species in the Opuntia genus, Opuntia microdasys lacks the long, sharp spines commonly associated with prickly pears, but the glochids still present a mild hazard if touched due to their ability to embed in the skin.

Award

Recipient of the prestigious Award of Garden Merit of the Royal Horticultural Society.

Hardiness

The Bunny Ear Cactus is hardy in USDA zones 9-12, meaning it thrives in warm, dry climates. It can tolerate temperatures as low as 20°F (-6°C), but prolonged exposure to freezing temperatures should be avoided. In cooler climates, it is best to grow the cactus indoors or move it to a protected location during winter.

Uses

This cactus is primarily grown as an ornamental plant. Its small size, attractive shape, and minimal care requirements make it a popular choice for indoor container gardens, patios, and rock gardens. It is also used in xeriscaping due to its low water needs. In addition, the cactus is sometimes grown as a border plant in warm, dry climates, where its clumping habit can provide a natural barrier.

Wildlife

In its native habitat, the fruits are consumed by birds and small mammals, which help disperse the seeds. The cactus also provides shelter for small animals, particularly in desert environments where vegetation is sparse.

Toxicity

While Opuntia microdasys is not considered toxic, its glochids can cause irritation when touched. The tiny barbed spines detach easily and can become embedded in the skin, causing discomfort or an allergic reaction. Handling this cactus carefully or wearing gloves when moving or repotting the plant is important.

Deer and Rabbits

The Bunny Rabbit Cactus is generally resistant to deer and rabbits due to its lack of palatability.

Drought Tolerance

Like most cacti, the Bunny Ear Cactus is highly drought-tolerant. It stores water in its fleshy pads, allowing it to survive long periods without rainfall. However, it benefits from occasional watering during the growing season, especially if grown in containers.

Invasiveness

Opuntia microdasys spreads quickly and has the potential to become invasive in certain regions. It is listed as invasive in South Africa and in Australia where it is currently targeted for eradication.

Benefits

The primary benefits of Opuntia microdasys are its ornamental value and low-maintenance care. Its compact size, unique appearance, and drought tolerance make it popular for cactus enthusiasts and gardeners. It is also an excellent plant for conserving water in arid environments or xeriscaped landscapes.

Bunny Ear Cactus Care

Light:

• The Bunny Ear Cactus thrives in bright, direct sunlight. Place it in a sunny spot, such as a south-facing window or outdoor location with 6+ hours of sunlight daily.
• Indoors, ensure it receives plenty of light or supplement with grow lights.

Soil:

• Use a well-draining cactus or succulent mix. You can enhance drainage by adding perlite or coarse sand to prevent root rot.

Watering:

• Water thoroughly but infrequently. Allow the soil to dry out completely between waterings.
• During the growing season (spring and summer), water every 2-3 weeks, but reduce watering in winter when the plant is dormant.

Temperature:

• Ideal temperatures for Opuntia microdasys range between 65°F to 100°F (18°C to 37°C).
• Protect it from frost and cold drafts, as it cannot tolerate temperatures below 20°F (-6°C).

Fertilizer:

• Feed the cactus with a diluted cactus fertilizer once a month during the growing season. Avoid fertilizing during the winter dormancy period.

Repotting:

• Repot every 2-3 years in fresh, well-draining soil. Be cautious of the tiny glochids, which can irritate the skin. Wear gloves during repotting.

Pruning:

• Minimal pruning is needed. Remove any dead or damaged pads carefully.

Propagation:

• Propagate easily by cutting off a healthy pad and letting it dry for a few days. Plant in a well-draining mix and water sparingly until roots develop.

Pests and Diseases:

• Watch for common pests like mealybugs, scale insects, and spider mites. Treat with insecticidal soap or neem oil.
• Avoid overwatering to prevent root rot and fungal infections.

Frequently Asked Questions

What happens when you touch a Bunny Ear Cactus?

When you touch a Bunny Ear Cactus, the glochids—tiny, barbed spines—easily detach from the pads and can embed themselves in your skin. These glochids are sharp and cause irritation, itching, or a burning sensation. Although the cactus lacks long spines, the glochids are difficult to remove and can cause discomfort for days. Always handle the cactus with gloves to avoid this issue.

How often to water a Bunny Ear Cactus?

The Bunny Ear Cactus requires infrequent watering. During its growing season (spring and summer), water the cactus every 2-3 weeks, allowing the soil to dry out completely between waterings. In the winter, reduce watering to once every 4-6 weeks, as the cactus goes dormant and requires less moisture.

How much sunlight does a Bunny Ear Cactus need?

This cactus thrives in bright, direct sunlight. It should receive at least 6 hours of sunlight per day. Place it near a south-facing window or in an outdoor location with plenty of sunlight. When grown indoors, it may benefit from supplemental lighting if natural light is insufficient.

Bunny Ear Cactus lifespan

With proper care, the Bunny Ear Cactus can live for up to 20 years or more. Lifespan depends on factors such as sunlight, water, and temperature conditions. Given its adaptability and low maintenance, it can thrive for many years in the right environment.

Is the Bunny Ear Cactus safe for dogs?

While the Bunny Ear Cactus is not toxic to dogs, it can pose a hazard due to the glochids. If a dog brushes against or bites into the cactus, the glochids can cause irritation and discomfort. It’s best to keep the cactus out of reach of pets to avoid accidental contact.