Philodendron bipinnatifidum (Tree Philodendron)

Philodendron bipinnatifidum, also known as the Tree Philodendron or Lacy Tree Philodendron, is a magnificent specimen that brings the lush essence of the tropics into homes and gardens. With its deeply lobed leaves and impressive stature, this plant is both an ornamental marvel and a testament to the diversity of the Philodendron genus.

Philodendron bipinnatifidum – Tree Philodendron: An In-depth Look

Philodendron bipinnatifidum is characterized by its large, glossy, dark green leaves that can grow up to 3 feet (90 cm) in length. Each leaf is deeply lobed and split, giving it a feathery, elegant, and striking appearance. The plant’s robust, tree-like structure and sprawling leaves make it a focal point in any setting.

Native: This species is native to the tropical rainforests of South America, particularly Brazil, Bolivia, Argentina, and Paraguay. In these humid and shaded environments, it thrives under the canopy of larger trees, reaching toward the light filtering through the dense foliage above. It belongs to the arum family (Araceae), along with Zantedeschia (Calla Lily), Caladium (Angel Wing), Monstera (Swiss Cheese Plant), or Colocasia (Elephant Ear).

Plant Type and Habit: Philodendron bipinnatifidum is an evergreen shrub exhibiting terrestrial and hemiepiphytic (climbing on other plants) tendencies. While it is often seen with a single, tree-like trunk in cultivation, it can also climb other trees using its aerial roots in its natural habitat. This adaptability allows it to access the light and nutrients necessary for growth in dense rainforests.

Size: In outdoor environments, Philodendron bipinnatifidum can grow 15 feet tall (4.5 meters) and 10 feet wide (3 meters). Indoors, its growth is more contained, but it can still reach 6 feet in height (1.8 meters) and 8 feet in spread (2.4 meters), making it suitable for spacious rooms.

Flowers: Although primarily grown for its foliage, Philodendron bipinnatifidum can produce flowers under the right conditions. The inflorescences are large and consist of a spadix surrounded by a spathe, typical of plants in the Araceae family. These flowers are greenish-white and can appear on mature plants, usually in warmer climates or during the summer months.

Foliage: The foliage of Philodendron bipinnatifidum is its most notable feature. The glossy, wavy-margined leaves are not only huge and deeply cut but also have a waxy sheen that reflects light beautifully. The deep green color and dynamic shape of the leaves add texture and visual interest to any space. The leaves rise up on long stalks from the plant crown in a rosette-like configuration.

Hardiness: Philodendron bipinnatifidum, suited for USDA hardiness zones 9 to 11, thrives in warm climates. It can withstand minimal cold exposure but prefers temperatures above 60°F (15°C). For colder regions, it’s best grown indoors where it can be protected from frost, maintaining its lush, tropical appearance year-round.

Award: Recipient of the prestigious Award of Garden Merit of the Royal Horticultural Society.

Uses: Philodendron bipinnatifidum is predominantly used for ornamental purposes. Its dramatic presence makes it an excellent choice for landscaping in tropical or subtropical climates, where it can be used as a specimen plant or part of a mixed border. Indoors, it serves as a stunning focal point, ideal for large rooms, foyers, or public spaces where its size and beauty can be fully appreciated.

Toxicity: Philodendrons are toxic to humans, cats, and dogs if ingested. They contain calcium oxalate crystals that can cause mouth and stomach irritation. Contact with the sap may cause skin irritation.

Deer and Rabbits: Its toxicity generally deters deer and rabbits.

Benefits: Beyond its decorative appeal, it also helps purify the air, removing toxins and improving indoor air quality.

Tree Philodendron Care

Light: Tree Philodendron prefers bright, indirect light to maintain its unique coloring. Avoid direct sunlight, which can scorch their leaves.

Soil: Tree Philodendron thrives in a well-draining, rich, and loamy soil. A mix containing peat, perlite, and organic matter promotes healthy growth, ensuring moisture retention while preventing waterlogging. Regularly adding organic compost enhances fertility, supporting its lush foliage development.

Water: Water your Tree Philodendron when the top inch of soil feels dry to the touch. Over-watering can lead to root rot, so ensure proper drainage. The soil should be consistently moist but never waterlogged. This plant is intolerant of drought.

Temperature and Humidity: This philodendron prefers warm temperatures between 65°F to 85°F (18°C to 29°C) and does not tolerate cold well. It can survive brief drops to 60°F (15°C), but prolonged exposure to cold can damage or kill the plant. Sudden temperature drops or exposure to cold drafts should be avoided. These tropical plants enjoy high humidity but can adapt to average household humidity levels. For added humidity, mist the leaves regularly, place a humidifier nearby or set the plant on a pebble tray filled with water.

Fertilization: Feed your Tree Philodendron with a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer every 4-6 weeks during the growing season (spring and summer). Reduce feeding in fall and winter when growth slows.

Cleaning: Dust the leaves occasionally with a damp cloth to ensure the plant can photosynthesize efficiently. This also keeps the plant looking its best.

Pruning: Pruning is not strictly necessary but can help maintain shape and encourage fuller growth. Use sterile scissors or pruning shears to trim away any yellow or damaged leaves and to manage size.

Repotting: Repot every 2-3 years or when roots start to crowd the pot. Choose a pot that is one size larger than the current one to ensure continued growth.

How to Propagate Tree Philodendron – A Step-By-Step Guide

Propagating Philodendron plants is a straightforward and rewarding process, allowing you to expand your collection or share with friends and family. The most common method is stem cuttings, which can be rooted in water or soil. Here’s how to do it:

Propagation by Stem Cuttings in Water:

Choose a Healthy Stem: Look for a healthy stem with at least 2-3 leaves and a few nodes (the points on the stem where leaves attach and roots tend to grow).

Make the Cut: Using a clean, sharp knife or scissors, cut just below a node. The cutting should be about 4-6 inches long.

Prepare the Cutting: Remove any leaves that would be submerged when you place the stem in water to prevent rot.

Root in Water: Place the cutting in a glass or jar of water, ensuring the node is submerged. Leave the leaves out of the water. Place the jar in a warm, bright spot with indirect light.

Change the Water Regularly: Refresh the water every few days to keep it clean, which helps prevent bacterial growth.

Wait for Roots: Roots should start to emerge from the nodes in about 2-4 weeks. Wait until the roots are a few inches long before potting.

Potting: Once the roots are sufficiently developed, plant the cutting in a pot with well-draining soil. Care for it as you would a mature Philodendron.

Propagation by Stem Cuttings in Soil:

Prepare Your Cutting: Follow the same steps as above to select and cut a healthy stem section.

Rooting Hormone (Optional): Dip the cut end of the stem in rooting hormone powder to encourage root growth. This step is optional but can enhance rooting success.

Plant the Cutting: Fill a pot with a well-draining potting mix. Make a hole in the center and insert the cut end of the stem, ensuring at least one node is buried beneath the soil surface.

Water and Cover: Water the soil lightly to settle it around the cutting. To create a humid microenvironment, you can cover the pot with a plastic bag or place it in a propagator. Ensure the leaves are not touching the plastic to prevent rot.

Care for Your Cutting: Place the pot in a warm, bright location with indirect light. Keep the soil consistently moist but not waterlogged.

Wait for Growth: In a few weeks, the cutting should start to root. You can gently tug on the plant after about 4 weeks; if there’s resistance, roots have formed.

Tree Philodendron: Pests, Diseases, Common Problems

Philodendrons can encounter pests, diseases, and other common problems, especially when grown indoors.

Pests

Spider Mites: These tiny pests can be identified by the fine webs they weave on the plant. They cause yellowing or speckled leaves. Increase humidity around the plant and wash it with a strong stream of water. For severe infestations, use insecticidal soap or neem oil.

Mealybugs: These white, cottony pests tend to cluster in leaf axils and under leaves, sucking sap and weakening the plant. Remove with alcohol-dipped cotton swabs or apply neem oil.

Aphids: Small, soft-bodied insects that can be green, black, brown, or pink, aphids typically feed in groups on the undersides of leaves. Combat them with a gentle spray of water, neem oil, or insecticidal soap to protect the plant’s health and appearance.

Scale insects: Hard or soft-bodied insects that attach themselves to the stems or leaves, causing yellowing and growth stunting. Scrape off with a fingernail or use a cotton swab dipped in rubbing alcohol. Insecticidal soap or neem oil may also be used.

Diseases

Root rot:  Overwatering is the primary cause, leading to brown, mushy roots and yellowing leaves. Reduce watering, improve drainage, and repot the plant into fresh, well-draining soil. Severely affected roots should be trimmed before repotting.

Leaf spot: Fungal or bacterial infections can cause dark or black spots on leaves, often with a yellow halo. Increase air circulation, avoid wetting leaves when watering, and remove affected leaves. Fungicides or bactericides may be necessary in severe cases.

Common Problems

Yellowing Leaves: Overwatering is a frequent cause, leading to root rot. Ensure well-draining soil and allow the topsoil to dry out between waterings.

Brown Leaf Tips: Often a result of low humidity or salt buildup from tap water. Increase humidity with a humidifier or pebble tray and use filtered water for irrigation.

Leggy Growth: Insufficient light can cause the plant to stretch towards the nearest light source, resulting in elongated stems with sparse leaves. Place in a location with bright, indirect light to promote compact growth.

Leaf Drop: Sudden changes in temperature or drafty locations can lead to leaf drop. Keep the plant in a stable environment away from cold drafts and sudden temperature fluctuations.

Lack of Foliage Color: Poor light conditions can lead to less vibrant foliage. Ensure the plant receives adequate indirect light to maintain the deep green color of the leaves.