As their name suggests, submerged aquatic plants are macrophytes that grow primarily below the water’s surface. Some species are rooted to bottom sediments and others are free-floating. They come in all shapes and sizes and perform several vital functions in water gardens. They provide habitat for fish and wildlife, increase water clarity by successfully competing with green algae for nutrients, increase or decrease dissolved oxygen concentrations, depending on abundance and the availability of light.

It should be noted that most submerged plants have very fast growth rates. Some tender-leaved species may be kept in check by grazing fish that see them as a tasty snack. Many can become invasive and choke out other desirable species. Without proper management, some species can eventually overtake your pond. Regular removal of excess stems can help keep things under control. Do not throw the excess plants into any natural body of water. They could easily take over the pond and smother native plants and wildlife.

Because of their aggressive nature, it is important to ensure that the submerged plants you use in your pond or water garden are not invasive and are safe to grow in your location. Please contact your local department of fish and wildlife for more information on invasive species in your area.