Philodendron melanochrysum (Black Gold Philodendron)

Philodendron melanochrysum, also known as the Black Gold Philodendron, is a stunning species celebrated for its luxurious, velvety foliage and striking coloration. This plant, with its exquisite beauty and intriguing growth habits, is a coveted specimen in the world of indoor gardening.

Philodendron melanochrysum: An In-depth Look

Philodendron melanochrysum boasts elongated, heart-shaped leaves that are a deep, almost black green, with vibrant gold veining. The leaves velvety texture and the contrast between the dark foliage and bright veins make it a standout addition to any indoor plant collection. The plant’s aesthetic appeal lies in the luxurious look and feel of its leaves, which can grow quite large as the plant matures.

Native: Native to the dense, humid rainforests of Colombia, Philodendron melanochrysum thrives in warm, moist environments. In its natural habitat, it often grows as an epiphyte, attaching itself to larger trees and climbing towards the canopy to access sunlight. It belongs to the arum family (Araceae), along with Zantedeschia (Calla Lily), Caladium (Angel Wing), Monstera (Swiss Cheese Plant), or Colocasia (Elephant Ear).

Plant Type and Habit: This is a fairly slow-growing, evergreen climber requiring support to mimic its natural growth habit. Providing a moss pole or trellis encourages the plant to climb and can lead to larger leaf development, showcasing the plant’s full ornamental potential.

Size: In indoor settings, it can reach 3-5 feet in height (90-150 cm) and 1-2 feet in spread (30-60 cm). When grown outdoors, it can reach 12 feet in height (360 cm) and 8 feet in spread (240 cm).

Flowers: Philodendron melanochrysum can produce flowers typical of the Philodendron genus, featuring a spadix surrounded by a spathe. However, flowering is rare in indoor environments and not the primary reason for cultivating this plant. The foliage remains the main attraction.

Foliage: The foliage of Philodendron melanochrysum is its most notable feature. Each leaf, up to 10-30 inches long (25-75 cm) in mature plants, is a work of art, with a rich, velvety texture and striking gold veining against a dark green backdrop. The contrast is visually stunning, making it a prized species for foliage enthusiasts.

Hardiness: It is hardy in USDA zones 10 to 11 and prefers temperatures between 65°F (18°C) and 85°F (29°C). It requires protection from cold drafts and temperatures below 60°F (15°C).

Uses: It is an excellent choice for adding a touch of the tropics to interior spaces, whether displayed in living rooms, offices, or as part of a larger indoor garden. Its dramatic foliage makes it a focal point in any setting, enhancing the aesthetic appeal of homes and workspaces.

Toxicity: Philodendrons are toxic to humans, cats, and dogs if ingested. They contain calcium oxalate crystals that can cause mouth and stomach irritation. Contact with the sap may cause skin irritation.

Benefits: Beyond its decorative value, it also serves as an air purifier, improving indoor air quality by filtering out certain toxins.

Philodendron melanochrysum Care

Light: Prefers bright, indirect light. Direct sunlight can scorch its delicate leaves, while too little light may diminish the vibrancy of its coloration. A spot near an east or west-facing window, shielded by sheer curtains, is ideal.

Soil: Thrives in well-draining, rich, and aerated soil. A mix containing peat moss, perlite, and orchid bark is suitable for retaining moisture while providing adequate drainage and aeration.

Water: Water when the top inch of soil feels dry to the touch. Philodendron melanochrysum enjoys consistent moisture but is susceptible to root rot if overwatered. Ensure the pot has excellent drainage.

Temperature and Humidity: Prefers warm temperatures between 65°F (18°C) and 85°F (29°C). Protect it from cold drafts and sudden temperature drops to avoid stress. Requires high humidity, ideally between 60% to 80%, to mimic its rainforest origins. Use a humidifier, mist the plant regularly, or place it on a pebble tray with water to increase humidity around it.

Fertilization: Fertilize monthly during the growing season (spring and summer) with a balanced, liquid fertilizer diluted to half the recommended strength. Reduce fertilization in fall and winter when growth naturally slows.

Support: Being a climbing plant, Philodendron melanochrysum benefits from a moss pole or trellis to support its growth and encourage larger leaf development, emulating its natural epiphytic habit.

Pruning: Regular pruning isn’t necessary but can be done to control size and shape. Prune any yellow or damaged leaves to maintain plant health and aesthetics. Use clean, sharp scissors or pruning shears to make clean cuts.

Repotting: Repot every 2-3 years or when the plant becomes root-bound, typically in spring. Choose a pot only slightly larger than the previous one to prevent overwatering.

How to Propagate Philodendron melanochrysum – A Step-By-Step Guide

Propagating Philodendron plants is a straightforward and rewarding process, allowing you to expand your collection or share with friends and family. The most common method is stem cuttings, which can be rooted in water or soil. Here’s how to do it:

Propagation by Stem Cuttings in Water:

• Choose a Healthy Stem: Look for a healthy stem with at least 2-3 leaves and a few nodes (the points on the stem where leaves attach and roots tend to grow).
• Make the Cut: Using a clean, sharp knife or scissors, cut just below a node. The cutting should be about 4-6 inches long.
• Prepare the Cutting: Remove any leaves that would be submerged when you place the stem in water to prevent rot.
• Root in Water: Place the cutting in a glass or jar of water, ensuring the node is submerged. Leave the leaves out of the water. Place the jar in a warm, bright spot with indirect light.
• Change the Water Regularly: Refresh the water every few days to keep it clean, which helps prevent bacterial growth.
• Wait for Roots: Roots should start to emerge from the nodes in about 2-4 weeks. Wait until the roots are a few inches long before potting.
• Potting: Once the roots are sufficiently developed, plant the cutting in a pot with well-draining soil. Care for it as you would a mature Philodendron.

Propagation by Stem Cuttings in Soil:

• Prepare Your Cutting: Follow the same steps as above to select and cut a healthy stem section.
• Rooting Hormone (Optional): Dip the cut end of the stem in rooting hormone powder to encourage root growth. This step is optional but can enhance rooting success.
• Plant the Cutting: Fill a pot with a well-draining potting mix. Make a hole in the center and insert the cut end of the stem, ensuring at least one node is buried beneath the soil surface.
• Water and Cover: Water the soil lightly to settle it around the cutting. To create a humid microenvironment, you can cover the pot with a plastic bag or place it in a propagator. Ensure the leaves are not touching the plastic to prevent rot.
• Care for Your Cutting: Place the pot in a warm, bright location with indirect light. Keep the soil consistently moist but not waterlogged.
• Wait for Growth: In a few weeks, the cutting should start to root. You can gently tug on the plant after about 4 weeks; if there’s resistance, roots have formed.

Philodendron melanochrysum: Pests, Diseases, Common Problems

Philodendrons can encounter pests, diseases, and other common problems, especially when grown indoors.

Pests

Spider Mites: These tiny pests can be identified by the fine webs they weave on the plant. They cause yellowing or speckled leaves. Increase humidity around the plant and wash it with a strong stream of water. For severe infestations, use insecticidal soap or neem oil.

Mealybugs: These white, cottony pests tend to cluster in leaf axils and under leaves, sucking sap and weakening the plant. Remove with alcohol-dipped cotton swabs or apply neem oil.

Aphids: Small, soft-bodied insects that can be green, black, brown, or pink, aphids typically feed in groups on the undersides of leaves. Combat them with a gentle spray of water, neem oil, or insecticidal soap to protect the plant’s health and appearance.

Scale insects: Hard or soft-bodied insects that attach themselves to the stems or leaves, causing yellowing and growth stunting. Scrape off with a fingernail or use a cotton swab dipped in rubbing alcohol. Insecticidal soap or neem oil may also be used.

Diseases

Root rot:  Overwatering is the primary cause, leading to brown, mushy roots and yellowing leaves. Reduce watering, improve drainage, and repot the plant into fresh, well-draining soil. Severely affected roots should be trimmed before repotting.

Leaf spot: Fungal or bacterial infections can cause dark or black spots on leaves, often with a yellow halo. Increase air circulation, avoid wetting leaves when watering, and remove affected leaves. Fungicides or bactericides may be necessary in severe cases.

Common Problems

Yellowing Leaves: Often a sign of overwatering or poor drainage. Ensure the plant is in well-draining soil and adjust your watering schedule to allow the soil to dry slightly between waterings.

Brown Leaf Tips: Can indicate low humidity, especially in dry indoor environments. Increase humidity around the plant with a humidifier, pebble tray, or by misting the leaves regularly.

Leaf Scorch: Direct sunlight can cause the leaves to scorch, leading to brown patches or fading of the vibrant leaf colors. Position the plant in a location where it receives bright, indirect light.

Drooping Leaves: This can be a sign of both underwatering and overwatering. Check the soil moisture to determine the cause and adjust your watering accordingly.

Slow Growth or Lack of Color: Insufficient light can lead to less vibrant leaf coloration and slow growth. Ensure your philodendron is receiving enough indirect light to maintain its rich hues and promote healthy growth.