Mentha x piperita, also known as Peppermint, is a strongly aromatic, herbaceous perennial with bright green leaves flushed with purple. It produces terminal spikes of tiny, pale purple flowers in late summer. Peppermint is a sterile hybrid that is a cross between Watermint (Mentha aquatica) and Spearmint (Mentha spicata).It is widely cultivated in many parts of the world. Fast-growing, Peppermint has a strong, refreshing, and distinctive minty flavor with a slight sweetness. It is used for culinary and medicinal purposes.

Peppermint Culinary Uses

Peppermint is a popular ingredient in cooking and is used in a variety of dishes for its fresh, cool, and minty flavor. Some common culinary uses for peppermint include:

1. Desserts: Peppermint is used to flavor various desserts, including cakes, cookies, brownies, and candies. It is often paired with chocolate for a classic combination.

2. Beverages: Peppermint is a common ingredient in tea, hot chocolate, and cocktails, where it adds a fresh and invigorating flavor.

3. Sauces and marinades: Fresh peppermint leaves can be chopped and added to sauces, marinades, and dressings to add a minty flavor.

4. Herbs and Spices: Peppermint can be dried and used as a seasoning in soups, stews, and other savory dishes.

5. Candies: Peppermint candies are a popular treat and can be made by melting and molding peppermint-flavored syrup.

Peppermint Medicinal Uses

Peppermint is known to have many health benefits, including aiding digestion, alleviating headaches, reducing stress, and improving respiratory issues.

1. Digestion: Peppermint is known to soothe digestive problems such as indigestion, bloating, and nausea. It has antispasmodic properties that help to relieve muscle spasms in the digestive tract.

2. Headaches: Peppermint is often used as a natural remedy for headaches due to its cooling and soothing properties.

3. Respiratory issues: Peppermint has decongestant and expectorant properties, making it useful for treating respiratory issues such as colds, coughs, and sinusitis.

4. Pain relief: Peppermint has been shown to have pain-relieving properties, making it useful for treating conditions such as muscle pain and menstrual cramps.

5. Stress and anxiety: Peppermint has been used for centuries as a natural remedy for reducing stress and anxiety. It has a calming effect on the mind and body, and its soothing scent is often used in aromatherapy for this purpose.

It's important to note that while peppermint is generally considered safe for use, excessive use or use of concentrated forms of peppermint can cause side effects such as heartburn, allergic reactions, and skin irritation. Consult with a healthcare professional before using peppermint for medicinal purposes.

Growing Peppermint

• Grows up to 12-36 in. tall (30-90 cm) and 36-60 in. wide (90-150 cm).
• Performs best in rich, moist soils in full sun or partial shade. Peppermint, however, adapts to a wide range of soils except dry ones.
• This aromatic herb can be used as a garden specimen, ground cover, in herbs and kitchen gardens, and in vegetable gardens.
• It is a vigorous grower that will spread all over the place and could become invasive. You can plant it in raised beds, pots, or containers to keep it within bounds.
• You can also grow the plants indoors for fresh leaves throughout the winter.
• Peppermint is extremely easy to grow and relatively low maintenance.
• Mulch lightly to retain moisture and keep the leaves clean.
• No serious pest or disease issues. Keep an eye out for leafhoppers, caterpillars, powdery mildew, or mint rust.
• Mint is deer and rabbit resistant and toxic to cats, dogs, and horses if ingested. Fresh or dried leaves of Mints repel mice and rats.
• Mint may cause allergic reactions in some people.
• Cut back after flowering.
• Propagate by seed or division in spring and fall.
• Find where this species is invasive in the United States.

Companion Planting

Mint is an excellent companion plant.

1. Mint repels Pests: Mint has a strong scent that can deter pests such as aphids, black flies, cabbage moths, cabbage worms, cabbage maggots, flea beetles, squash bugs, whiteflies, and ants.

2. Mint improves Growth: Mint is said to improve the growth of other plants by improving soil quality and releasing beneficial compounds into the soil.

3. Mint attracts Beneficial Insects: Mint flowers are a source of nectar for beneficial insects such as bees, butterflies, hoverflies, and predatory wasps, which help pollinate nearby plants or prey on garden pests.

Do not plant Mint in the ground near your vegetables in order to prevent it from taking over your vegetable crops. Use Mint foliage as mulch or keep it in pots.

Find here the list of best and worst companion plants for Mints

Harvesting and Storing Mint

Mint is best harvested just before the plant starts to flower when the essential oils and flavor are at their peak. Here are some tips for harvesting mint:

1. Pruning: Harvest only the young leaves, as they are more flavorful than the mature ones. Cut the stem tips of the plant back to about 2-3 inches (5-7 cm) from the ground using sharp scissors or pruning shears.

2. Timing: Harvest mint in the morning after the dew has dried but before the heat of the day.

3. Frequency: Regular harvesting will encourage new growth and keep the plant healthy and productive.

4. Drying: To dry mint, tie the stems together in bunches and hang them upside down in a warm, dry place with good air circulation. Once the leaves are dry and crumbly, crumble them into a jar and store them in a cool, dark place.

5. Freezing: Another option is to freeze mint leaves by placing them in a single layer on a baking sheet and putting them in the freezer. Once frozen, transfer the leaves to a freezer bag or container and store them in the freezer.