Monarda fistulosa (Wild Bergamot)
Wild Bergamot, American Wild Bergamot, Wild Bee Balm
Monarda fistulosa (Wild Bergamot) is a clump-forming perennial boasting masses of fragrant, lilac-purple, tubular flowers, borne in dense, globular terminal heads, 2-3 in. across (5-7 cm). Blooming for weeks from mid-summer to early fall, they rest upon a whorl of decorative whitish bracts. The colorful and nectar-rich blooms ensure that butterflies and hummingbirds are regular visitors to the garden. The foliage of deep green aromatic leaves may be used to flavor teas. Less showy than the blossoms or Monarda didyma, Wild Bergamot is best suited to wild gardens, prairies, and meadows.
- Grows in clumps of upright stems, up to 2-4 ft tall (60-120 cm) and 2-3 ft. wide (60-90 cm). Tends to self-seed. Will expand into colonies from shallow vigorous rhizomes.
- Performs best in full sun or partial shade in dry to medium moisture, well-drained soil. It is not too fussy about soils and tolerates poor soils. Heat and drought tolerant.
- This showy perennial is a striking addition to prairies and meadows.
- Monarda flowers attract streams of butterflies, hummingbirds, and other beneficial pollinators, but this plant is deer and rabbit resistant.
- The essential oils of Wild Bergamot show good repellent activity against the yellow fever Mosquito Aedes aegypti. Find 18 best plants that repel mosquitoes.
- This species is prone to powdery mildew, especially during rainy weather. Providing good air circulation to combat powdery mildew is important.
- Deadhead spent flowers to encourage new blooms. Fast-growing, Monarda spreads vigorously and will need to be divided every 3 years.
- Should be cut to the ground after flowering to promote the growth of new healthy shoots and leaves.
- Native to most of North America
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Requirements
Hardiness | 3
– 9 |
---|---|
Heat Zones | 1
– 9 |
Climate Zones | 1, 1A, 1B, 2, 2A, 2B, 3, 3A, 3B, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 14, 15, 16, 17, A2, A3 |
Plant Type | Perennials |
Plant Family | Monarda - Bee Balms |
Exposure | Full Sun, Partial Sun |
Season of Interest |
Summer (Mid,Late) Fall |
Height | 2' – 4' (60cm – 120cm) |
Spread | 2' – 3' (60cm – 90cm) |
Spacing | 36" (90cm) |
Water Needs | Low, Average |
Maintenance | Average |
Soil Type | Chalk, Clay, Loam, Sand |
Soil pH | Acid, Alkaline, Neutral |
Soil Drainage | Well-Drained |
Characteristics | Cut Flowers, Fragrant, Showy |
Native Plants | United States, Midwest, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, Wisconsin, Northeast, Connecticut, Delaware, Maine, Massachusetts, Maryland, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, Pacific Northwest, Idaho, Oregon, Rocky Mountains, Colorado, Montana, Utah, Wyoming, Southeast, Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, West Virginia, Southwest, Arizona, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas |
Tolerance | Clay Soil, Deer, Drought, Rabbit, Dry Soil, Rocky Soil |
Attracts | Birds, Butterflies, Hummingbirds |
Garden Uses | Beds and Borders |
Garden Styles | Informal and Cottage, Prairie and Meadow |
By Jeff Holcombe, Melinda Fawver, Shutterstock
While every effort has been made to describe these plants accurately, please keep in mind that height, bloom time, and color may differ in various climates. The description of these plants has been written based on numerous outside resources.
Requirements
Hardiness | 3
– 9 |
---|---|
Heat Zones | 1
– 9 |
Climate Zones | 1, 1A, 1B, 2, 2A, 2B, 3, 3A, 3B, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 14, 15, 16, 17, A2, A3 |
Plant Type | Perennials |
Plant Family | Monarda - Bee Balms |
Exposure | Full Sun, Partial Sun |
Season of Interest |
Summer (Mid,Late) Fall |
Height | 2' – 4' (60cm – 120cm) |
Spread | 2' – 3' (60cm – 90cm) |
Spacing | 36" (90cm) |
Water Needs | Low, Average |
Maintenance | Average |
Soil Type | Chalk, Clay, Loam, Sand |
Soil pH | Acid, Alkaline, Neutral |
Soil Drainage | Well-Drained |
Characteristics | Cut Flowers, Fragrant, Showy |
Native Plants | United States, Midwest, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, Wisconsin, Northeast, Connecticut, Delaware, Maine, Massachusetts, Maryland, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, Pacific Northwest, Idaho, Oregon, Rocky Mountains, Colorado, Montana, Utah, Wyoming, Southeast, Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, West Virginia, Southwest, Arizona, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas |
Tolerance | Clay Soil, Deer, Drought, Rabbit, Dry Soil, Rocky Soil |
Attracts | Birds, Butterflies, Hummingbirds |
Garden Uses | Beds and Borders |
Garden Styles | Informal and Cottage, Prairie and Meadow |