Sassafras albidum (Sassafras)
Sassafras, Ague Tree, Sassafras Tree, White Sassafras, Cinnamon Wood, Mitten Tree, Saloop, Smelling Stick, Sassafras officinale, Sassafras variifolium
Noted for its remarkable foliage, Sassafras albidum (Sassafras) is an upright deciduous tree of dense, pyramidal to highly irregular habit with horizontal branches in cloud-like tiers. Mitten-shaped, oval or three-lobed, the bright green leaves, 4-7 in. long (10-17 cm), turn brilliant shades of yellow, orange, and red in the fall. Sprays of small yellow flowers appear at the branch tips in spring, before or with the leaves. Sassafras albidum is dioecious with separate male and female trees. The pollinated flowers on female trees give way to small pendant clusters of red-stalked, dark blue berries which mature in early fall. The greenish twigs and leafstalks have a pleasant, spicy, slightly gummy taste. The dark cinnamon to mahogany-brown bark is deeply ridged and furrowed, providing winter interest. Sassafras albidum spreads by root suckers and can form a small grove, however, it is easily controlled as a single tree. A pleasantly aromatic tree that is great for naturalistic plantings or screens with outstanding fall color. Sassafras is important to wildlife: Sassafras fruits are eaten by small mammals and many species of birds including northern bobwhites, eastern kingbirds, great crested flycatchers, phoebes, wild turkeys, catbirds, flickers, pileated woodpeckers, downy woodpeckers, thrushes, vireos, and mockingbirds.
- Grows up to 30-60 ft. tall (9-18 m) and 25-40 ft. wide (7-12 m).
- Performs best in deep, moist, acidic, well-drained soils in full sun or part shade. Adaptable to a wide range of soil conditions, including clay or dry, sandy soils. Drought tolerant. Hard to transplant.
- Perfect as a specimen plant or in groupings, for cottage gardens or as an informal hedge or screen.
- Generally pest and disease free.
- No routine pruning necessary. Remove diseased, damaged, congested or crossing shoots. Remove suckers unless a thicket is required.
- Propagate by seed sown in containers in a cold frame as soon as ripe; take root cuttings in winter.
- Native to eastern North America, from Maine to Ontario and Michigan, south to Florida and Texas.
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Requirements
Hardiness | 4
– 9 |
---|---|
Heat Zones | 3
– 8 |
Plant Type | Trees |
Exposure | Full Sun, Partial Sun |
Season of Interest |
Spring (Early,Mid,Late) Summer (Early,Mid,Late) Fall Winter |
Height | 30' – 60' (9m – 18m) |
Spread | 25' – 40' (7.5m – 12m) |
Water Needs | Low, Average |
Maintenance | Average |
Soil Type | Clay, Loam |
Soil pH | Acid, Neutral |
Soil Drainage | Moist but Well-Drained, Well-Drained |
Characteristics | Fragrant, Showy, Fruit & Berries |
Native Plants | United States, Midwest, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Missouri, Ohio, Wisconsin, Northeast, Connecticut, Delaware, Maine, Massachusetts, Maryland, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, Southeast, Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, West Virginia, Southwest, Oklahoma, Texas |
Tolerance | Clay Soil, Drought, Dry Soil |
Attracts | Birds, Butterflies |
Garden Styles | Informal and Cottage |
Shutterstock, USGS Bee Inventory and Monitoring Lab, Puddin Tan, Nicholas A. Tonelli (Flickr)
While every effort has been made to describe these plants accurately, please keep in mind that height, bloom time, and color may differ in various climates. The description of these plants has been written based on numerous outside resources.
Requirements
Hardiness | 4
– 9 |
---|---|
Heat Zones | 3
– 8 |
Plant Type | Trees |
Exposure | Full Sun, Partial Sun |
Season of Interest |
Spring (Early,Mid,Late) Summer (Early,Mid,Late) Fall Winter |
Height | 30' – 60' (9m – 18m) |
Spread | 25' – 40' (7.5m – 12m) |
Water Needs | Low, Average |
Maintenance | Average |
Soil Type | Clay, Loam |
Soil pH | Acid, Neutral |
Soil Drainage | Moist but Well-Drained, Well-Drained |
Characteristics | Fragrant, Showy, Fruit & Berries |
Native Plants | United States, Midwest, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Missouri, Ohio, Wisconsin, Northeast, Connecticut, Delaware, Maine, Massachusetts, Maryland, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, Southeast, Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, West Virginia, Southwest, Oklahoma, Texas |
Tolerance | Clay Soil, Drought, Dry Soil |
Attracts | Birds, Butterflies |
Garden Styles | Informal and Cottage |