Ludisia discolor (Jewel Orchid)

Ludisia discolor, with its stunning foliage and easy-care requirements, is a standout among orchids. Whether grown as a houseplant, in a terrarium, or as part of a larger indoor garden, this jewel orchid is sure to captivate anyone who appreciates the beauty and diversity of the plant world.

Ludisia discolor – Jewel Orchid: An In-depth Look

Ludisia discolor, commonly known as the Jewel Orchid, is a unique and captivating species of orchid that stands out from other members of the Orchid family due to its striking foliage. Unlike many orchids prized for their flowers, Ludisia discolor is grown primarily for its leaves, which display a rich, velvety texture with intricate vein patterns that give it a truly “jewel-like” appearance. The beautiful leaves and many several-flowered inflorescences can be a memorable sight.

Native: The Jewel Orchid is native to Southeast Asia, where it is found in countries such as Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, Malaysia, and Indonesia. It is a hot to warm growing orchid species found in damp places in shade forests at elevations of 1650-3300 ft. (500-1000 m). Ludisia belongs to the orchid family (Orchidaceae), along with Cattleya (Corsage Orchid) and Oncidium (Dancing Lady Orchid). Ludisia discolor is the only species of the genus.

Plant Type and Habit: Unlike many other orchids, which are epiphytic (growing on other plants), the Jewel Orchid is terrestrial, meaning it grows in soil. The plant has a creeping growth habit, spreading horizontally along the ground. Its rhizomatous roots allow it to form dense clumps of foliage, making it an effective ground cover in its natural habitat.

Size: This is a relatively small orchid, typically reaching a height and spread of 4 to 18 inches (10-45 cm) when fully grown.

Flowers: Small, delicate white flowers, 1 inch across (2.5 cm), with a yellow center, are borne on slender, upright spikes that can reach up to 12 inches (30 cm). Each flower spike can produce several blooms generally during the late fall to early winter months, though the exact timing can vary depending on the growing conditions. The flowers typically last for 2-3 weeks.

Foliage: The foliage is its most prized feature. The leaves, 3 inches long (7 cm), are broad and oval-shaped and have a velvety texture that is soft to the touch. The most striking aspect of the leaves is their color and pattern: the leaf surface is typically a deep green to nearly black, and it is overlaid with intricate, shimmering veins that can be reddish, pink, or gold. The veins are arranged in a branching pattern, creating a network of lines that catch the light and give the leaves a jewel-like appearance. The underside of the leaves is often a deep burgundy or purple, adding to the plant’s overall visual appeal.

Award: Recipient of the prestigious Award of Garden Merit of the Royal Horticultural Society.

Hardiness: Ludisia discolor is best suited to zones 11-12, where it can be grown outdoors year-round in a sheltered, shaded location. In cooler climates, it is best grown indoors as a houseplant, where temperature and humidity can be more easily controlled.

Uses: The Jewel Orchid is primarily grown as an ornamental plant due to its striking foliage. It is an excellent choice for indoor gardens, where its low-growing habit and attractive leaves can add a touch of elegance to any space. The plant is also well-suited for terrariums, where its compact size and preference for high humidity make it an ideal candidate.

Toxicity: This orchid is non-toxic to pets (cats and dogs) or humans, making it a safe choice for households with children and animals.

Jewel Orchid Care

Jewel Orchids are easy to grow and thrive on standard houseplant care, much like African violets.

Light: Jewel Orchids prefer low to moderate light, making them ideal for indoor settings where bright, direct sunlight might be scarce. They thrive in indirect light or partial shade, similar to the forest floor environment of their native habitats. An east-facing window or a spot where the plant receives morning sun and afternoon shade is ideal. They can also do well under artificial light. Avoid Direct Sunlight: Direct sunlight, especially during the peak hours of the day, can scorch the leaves and cause them to lose their vibrant color.

Soil: Being a terrestrial orchid, Ludisia discolor requires a soil mix that retains moisture while allowing for good drainage. A well-draining orchid mix combined with peat moss or coco coir works well. You can also use a mix of regular potting soil with added perlite and orchid bark.

Water: Ludisia discolor likes to be kept consistently moist but not waterlogged. The key to successful watering is maintaining a balance between moist soil and good drainage. Water the plant when the top inch of the soil feels dry. This usually means watering once a week, but this can vary depending on your home’s humidity and temperature. Use distilled water, rainwater, or filtered water if possible, as Jewel Orchids are sensitive to salts and chemicals commonly found in tap water.
Ensure that the pot has drainage holes to prevent water from pooling at the bottom, which can lead to root rot.
Learn how to water orchids for long-lasting blooms.

Temperature: Jewel Orchids prefer warm, consistent temperatures that mimic the tropical environments they naturally grow in. Ideal daytime temperatures range between 65°F and 80°F (18°C and 27°C). They can tolerate slightly cooler nighttime temperatures, but they should not be exposed to temperatures below 55°F (13°C). Keep them away from cold drafts or sudden temperature changes, which can stress the plant.

Humidity: As a tropical plant, Ludisia discolor thrives in higher humidity levels. Aim to keep the humidity around 50% to 70%. If your home is dry, especially in the winter months, consider placing the pot on a humidity tray (a shallow tray filled with water and pebbles). The evaporating water will increase the humidity around the plant. Lightly mist the plant occasionally, but avoid excessive misting, which can lead to fungal issues.

Fertilizer: Jewel Orchids are not heavy feeders, but they benefit from regular, light feeding during the growing season. Use a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer (such as 20-20-20) diluted to half strength. Fertilize every two weeks during the spring and summer months. Reduce feeding during the fall and winter when the plant’s growth slows. Learn how to fertilize your orchids for vibrant flowers.

Pruning: Jewel Orchids require minimal pruning, but regular maintenance will help keep the plant healthy. Trim away any dead or yellowing leaves to keep the plant looking tidy. Pinch back the growing tips occasionally to encourage the plant to produce more side shoots, resulting in a fuller, bushier appearance. Once the flowers have faded, remove the spent flower spikes.

Repotting: Repot the plant every 2-3 years or when the soil begins to break down. Spring is the best time to repot, just as the growing season begins. Learn how to repot orchids and keep them blooming.

Propagation: Ludisia discolor is easy to propagate through stem cuttings. Cut a healthy stem with at least a few leaves and nodes. Place the cutting in a small pot with moist soil or water it until roots form. Keep the cutting in a warm, humid environment until new roots develop and the plant is established.

Common Problems

Pests: Aphids, mealybugs, scale insects, and spider mites can infest Jewel Orchids, especially in dry indoor environments. Regularly inspect your plant for signs of pests, such as sticky residue, webbing, or small insects on the leaves and stems. If pests are present, treat the plant with insecticidal soap or neem oil. Increase humidity and improve air circulation to help prevent infestations.

Root rot: Root rot is caused by waterlogged soil, leading to soggy roots that can’t absorb nutrients properly. Always use a well-draining potting mix and a pot with drainage holes. Water the plant only when the top inch of soil feels dry, and never let the plant sit in standing water. If root rot occurs, remove the plant from the soil, trim away any affected roots, and repot in fresh, dry medium.

Fungal and Bacterial Infections: High humidity combined with poor air circulation can lead to fungal infections, which may appear as spots on the leaves or a general decline in plant health.
Solution: Ensure good air circulation around the plant and avoid overhead watering. If you notice fungal spots, trim the affected areas and treat the plant with a fungicide. Reduce humidity slightly if fungal issues persist.

Yellow Leaves: Yellowing leaves can result from overwatering, inadequate light, or nutrient deficiencies. Ensure the potting medium is well-draining and allow the top inch of soil to dry out between waterings. Provide adequate indirect light, and consider fertilizing during the growing season with a balanced fertilizer. Orchid leaves turning yellow: reasons and remedies.

Leggy Growth: Leggy growth, where the plant becomes stretched with sparse leaves, usually occurs due to insufficient light. Move your Jewel Orchid to a brighter location where it can receive more indirect light. Ensure it’s not exposed to direct sunlight, which can burn the leaves, but aim for a spot with bright, filtered light.

Browning Leaf Tips: Browning tips on the leaves can be a sign of low humidity, fluoride or chlorine in tap water, or over-fertilization. Increase humidity around the plant by using a humidity tray or lightly misting. Use distilled or rainwater for watering and avoid over-fertilizing. Flush the soil occasionally with clean water to remove any salt buildup.

Wilting or Drooping Leaves: Wilting or drooping leaves can be caused by underwatering, overwatering, or sudden temperature changes. Check the moisture level of the soil and adjust watering accordingly. Ensure the plant is not exposed to cold drafts or sudden temperature fluctuations. Maintain consistent, warm temperatures and stable environmental conditions.

Slow or Stunted Growth: Slow or stunted growth can result from inadequate light, poor soil quality, or nutrient deficiencies. Provide your Jewel Orchid with bright, indirect light, and ensure it is planted in a well-draining, nutrient-rich medium. Regularly fertilize during the growing season with a balanced orchid fertilizer to promote healthy growth.

Loss of Leaf Color: If the vibrant coloration of the leaves starts to fade, this can be due to too much direct sunlight, low light, or nutrient deficiencies. Adjust the lighting conditions to ensure the plant receives bright, indirect light. Consider supplementing with a balanced fertilizer to ensure the plant is receiving adequate nutrients.