Moluccella laevis (Bells of Ireland)

Moluccella laevis, commonly known as Bells of Ireland, is a charming annual flowering plant prized for its tall spikes adorned with vibrant green, bell-shaped calyces that encase small white flowers, creating a distinctive and eye-catching appearance.

Bells of Ireland belongs to the mint family, Lamiaceae, which includes many aromatic herbs like basil, rosemary, oregano, mint, lavender, and sage.

Description

Bells of Ireland features tall, upright stems that are sturdy and capable of supporting the weight of its blooms. The plant’s most striking feature is its unique green calyxes that resemble bells. The small white flowers hidden within these calyxes are less prominent but add to the overall charm of the plant.

Cultivated since 1570, the flowers of Moluccella laevis are often regarded as symbols of good luck.

Native Habitat

Despite its common name, Moluccella laevis is not originally from Ireland; it is native to western Asia, specifically regions around Turkey, Syria, and the Caucasus.

Plant Type and Habit

Bells of Ireland is an annual plant with an upright growth habit. It tends to form a tall, slender spike as it grows. This vertical growth makes it ideal for back borders in flower beds or as a striking centerpiece in mixed plantings. The plant may self-seed in the garden if the stems are not cut before seed formation.

Plant Size

Bells of Ireland typically grows 2-3 feet (60-90 cm) tall and spreads about 12-18 inches (30-45 cm) wide.

Flowers

The plant produces distinctive green, bell-shaped calyxes that enclose small white flowers. Measuring up to 1 inch (2.5 cm) long, these calyxes are densely packed along each flower spike, creating a lush, cascading effect from top to bottom.

The flowers emit a delightful sweet fragrance that enhances the garden experience.

Blooming from mid-summer to early fall, the calyces remain visually appealing until late summer, gradually turning beige as the season progresses. As the seeds begin to form, the calyxes take on a somewhat papery texture, adding further interest to the plant’s appearance.

Foliage

Clusters of 2-inch (5 cm) long leaves alternate between the bells, featuring pairs of small thorns or spines positioned beneath each calyx.

Hardiness

Bells of Ireland is a cool weather annual that can be grown in USDA zones 2-11. It does not do well in hot, humid climates.

Uses

Bells of Ireland is commonly used as an ornamental plant in cut flower arrangements, gardens, and containers. Its unique appearance and texture make it a favorite among florists, providing a distinctive touch to bouquets and centerpieces. The blooms can last up to two weeks in a vase, making them a practical choice for floral displays.

The blooming stems can be cut for use in fresh or dried flower arrangements. As they dry, the vibrant color gradually fades to a soft beige. For drying, harvest the stems when the bells are fully open, then hang them upside down in small bunches in a dry, airy location until completely dried.

Wildlife

The flowers of Bells of Ireland attract a variety of pollinators, such as butterflies, which are drawn to the nectar-rich blooms.

Toxicity

Bells of Ireland is generally considered non-toxic, making it a safe choice for gardens frequented by pets and children.

Deer and Rabbits

Bells of Ireland is not favored by deer and rabbits.

Invasiveness

Moluccella laevis is not considered invasive, making it a manageable plant for gardens. It spreads primarily by seed, which can self-sow in favorable conditions. While it can establish itself in the garden, it does not typically overtake native plants or disrupt local ecosystems.

Benefits

The primary benefits include its ornamental value, pollinator attraction, and low maintenance requirements. Its unique bell-shaped blooms offer a fresh aesthetic, enhancing the visual interest of any garden.

Bells of Ireland Care

Light Requirements:
Bells of Ireland thrives in full sun, requiring at least 6 hours of direct sunlight daily for optimal growth and flowering. If grown indoors, place the plant in a south- or west-facing window to ensure it receives adequate light.

Watering:
Water the plant regularly, allowing the soil to dry slightly between waterings. While Bells of Ireland prefers consistently moist soil, it’s important not to overwater, as this can lead to root rot. During dry spells, ensure the plant receives adequate moisture, especially when it’s actively growing and blooming.

Soil:
Use well-drained, moderately fertile soil to support healthy growth. A sandy or loamy mix is ideal, as it allows for proper drainage while retaining some moisture. Adding organic matter, such as compost, can enhance soil fertility and structure. Bells of Ireland tolerates poor soils.

Fertilization:
Fertilize the plant with a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer every 4-6 weeks during the growing season (spring through summer). Diluting the fertilizer to half strength will prevent overfeeding, which can harm the plant.

Pruning:
Minimal pruning is required, but removing spent blooms can encourage further flowering and prevent the plant from going to seed too quickly. Prune back any leggy growth to promote bushier foliage and a more compact form.

Propagation:
Bells of Ireland can be easily propagated from seed. Sow seeds directly in the garden in spring after the last frost or start them indoors 8-10 weeks before the last frost date. Barely cover them as they require light for germination, which can take up to a month. To speed this process, chill the seeds in a sealed bag in the refrigerator for two weeks. Once nighttime temperatures exceed 40ºF (4ºC), transplant the small plants outdoors in full sun to partial shade, spacing them about a foot apart.

Bells of Ireland may self-seed if flower stalks are left to dry, allowing you to collect dark seeds for future planting or letting them scatter naturally. Small seedlings can be moved to other locations but may wilt temporarily until they re-establish.

Pests and Diseases:
Bells of Ireland are generally resistant to pests and diseases.

Cut Flower Care:
If using Bells of Ireland as a cut flower, harvest the stems when the green calyxes are fully formed and the white flowers are just beginning to open. Place the stems in water immediately and keep them in a cool area away from direct sunlight. Change the water every few days to prolong their freshness.

Frequently Asked Questions

How long do Bells of Ireland last?

Bells of Ireland typically bloom from mid-summer to early fall, and once cut, the flowers can last up to two weeks in a vase, depending on care.

Are Bells of Ireland native to Ireland?

Despite its common name, Bells of Ireland is not native to Ireland. It originates from western Asia, specifically regions around Turkey, Syria, and the Caucasus.

Are Bells of Ireland cold hardy?

Bells of Ireland are often classified as “hardy annuals,” indicating that they thrive in cooler weather and possess some degree of frost tolerance.

Do Bells of Ireland like sun or shade?

Bells of Ireland prefer full sun, requiring at least 6 hours of direct sunlight daily for optimal growth and flowering.

Are Bells of Ireland safe for dogs?

Yes, Bells of Ireland are generally considered non-toxic to dogs, but it’s always a good practice to prevent pets from chewing on garden plants.