Well-appointed and designed city gardens and courtyards can provide a welcomed respite for city dwellers, becoming places for relaxation, contemplation, conversation, and entertaining friends and family. Urban space is generally limited, and careful thought needs to be brought to the overall garden layout. Many urban designs treat these urban oases as extensions of the homes, with materials often chosen to complement interior finishes. Planting tends to be minimalist, with fewer plants providing longer seasonal displays or adding architectural interest. The need for privacy is important with wall treatments, pergolas, or pleached trees raising the height of boundaries. Water is a popular component of many urban gardens, either acting as a focal point or as a soothing element. Lighting is another key design element enabling owners to enjoy their gardens at night too.