Hydrangea care involves balancing sunlight and moisture, proper pruning based on species, regular fertilizing to encourage blooms, and overwintering techniques like mulching to protect roots from frost.
Hydrangea is a genus of flowering plants celebrated for its large, ornamental flower clusters and lush foliage. Known for their ability to change flower color based on soil pH, hydrangeas are prized additions to gardens, landscapes, and floral arrangements worldwide. They belong to the Hydrangeaceae family.
Native Origin: Hydrangeas are native to both Asia—particularly Japan, China, and Korea—and parts of North and South America.
Plant Type and Habit: They grow as deciduous or evergreen shrubs, small trees, or climbing vines. Depending on the species, they exhibit a mounding or upright growth habit, with some varieties (climbing hydrangea) sprawling along walls or trellises.
Flowers: Their large flower heads come in mophead, lacecap, or conical forms, in colors ranging from white to pink, blue, purple, and green. They bloom from late spring to early fall, depending on species.
Hardiness: Hydrangea plants thrive in USDA Hardiness Zones 3–9, depending on the species. Some varieties, such as Panicle hydrangeas, are more cold-tolerant than others, like Bigleaf hydrangeas.
Uses: These flowering shrubs are popular in landscaping, hedges, and borders with companion plants. Their large blooms make excellent cut flowers, adding elegance to floral arrangements. They can also be dried and preserved for use in wreaths and home decor, allowing you to enjoy their beauty year-round.
Toxicity: All parts of the plant are considered poisonous if ingested due to the presence of cyanogenic glycoside. It’s generally safe for humans to handle, but ingestion can cause discomfort. Hydrangea is considered toxic to pets, including dogs and cats.
Deer and Rabbit Resistance: These flowering shrubs or trees are not reliably deer-resistant. Rabbits may also cause damage, particularly to younger plants.
There are many reasons to grow a hydrangea shrub in your garden or landscape. Here are some of the top reasons:
Stunning, Long-Lasting Blooms: Hydrangeas produce large, vibrant flower clusters that bloom from spring to early fall, providing months of color and visual interest.
Versatility and Landscape Appeal: These shrubs adapt well to different garden designs, whether you’re creating a formal hedge, border, or cottage garden. Panicle hydrangeas thrive in sunny spots, while Bigleaf and Oakleaf hydrangeas flourish in partial shade, making them suitable for various growing conditions.
Seasonal and Year-Round Interest: Hydrangeas offer more than just summer blooms. Oakleaf hydrangeas provide vibrant fall foliage, while Panicle varieties offer dried flower heads that remain attractive through winter. Their large, leafy shrubs also provide structure and greenery throughout the growing season.
Attracts pollinators: The flowers are rich in nectar and attract a variety of pollinators, including bees and butterflies. This can help to support a healthy ecosystem in your garden.
Easy Maintenance: With proper care, these plants are fairly low-maintenance plants.
Symbolism and Decorative Uses: Hydrangeas symbolize gratitude, understanding, and heartfelt emotion, making them a popular choice for wedding bouquets and floral arrangements. Their dried flowers can be preserved for long-lasting décor, adding beauty indoors and outdoors year-round.
| Hardiness |
3 - 9 |
|---|---|
| Plant Type | Climbers, Shrubs, Trees |
| Plant Family | Hydrangeaceae |
| Genus | Hydrangea |
| Exposure | Full Sun, Partial Sun, Shade |
| Season of Interest | Summer (Early, Mid, Late), Fall |
| Maintenance | Average |
| Water Needs | Average |
| Soil Type | Clay, Loam, Sand |
| Soil pH | Acid, Alkaline, Neutral |
| Soil Drainage | Moist but Well-Drained, Well-Drained |
| Characteristics | Dried Arrangements, Cut Flowers, Showy |
| Attracts | Bees, Birds, Butterflies |
| Landscaping Ideas | Wall-Side Borders, Patio And Containers, Beds And Borders |
| Garden Styles | City and Courtyard, Coastal Garden, Informal and Cottage, Traditional Garden |
Knowing your hydrangea type is essential for proper care, as different species have unique pruning, watering, sunlight, and soil pH requirements.
Hydrangea macrophylla (Bigleaf Hydrangea): This deciduous shrub has a rounded growth habit, featuring large, lush leaves and vibrant summer blooms. It is divided into two main types: Mophead Hydrangeas, known for their dense, rounded flower heads, and Lacecap Hydrangeas, which present delicate flat clusters of sterile florets surrounding smaller, fertile flowers.
Hydrangea serrata (Mountain Hydrangea): This elegant deciduous shrub has a rounded growth habit and produces delicate lacecap flowers in flattened clusters from early to late summer. Although similar to the Bigleaf Hydrangea, it offers a more refined look with smaller leaves and blooms. Certain cultivars flower profusely and exhibit the enchanting ability to change color multiple times throughout the season, adding dynamic beauty and interest to any garden setting.
Hydrangea quercifolia (Oakleaf Hydrangea): This versatile deciduous shrub is renowned for its year-round appeal. Named for its distinctive oak-shaped leaves, it bursts into bloom in late spring and early summer, showcasing elegant clusters of creamy-white flowers that last for 3-4 weeks. As autumn approaches, these blossoms gradually shift to a soft pink hue, enhancing the plant’s seasonal beauty. With its dynamic color changes and striking foliage, this shrub remains a garden focal point throughout the year, offering interest in every season
Hydrangea arborescens (Smooth Hydrangea): This is a multi-branched deciduous shrub renowned for its elegant creamy-white flower clusters that illuminate shady spaces and enliven any garden. Blooming profusely from early summer through fall, the domed, nearly rounded blossoms start as lime-green and transition to brilliant creamy white before turning a warm tan in the autumn.
Hydrangea paniculata (Panicle Hydrangea): This multi-branched deciduous shrub is celebrated for its elegant, creamy-white flower clusters that brighten shady areas and enhance any garden. Blooming prolifically from early summer to fall, its nearly spherical blossoms begin as lime-green, gradually transforming to brilliant creamy white and finally shifting to a warm tan in autumn. This natural progression of color adds depth and seasonal interest, making it a dynamic presence in any landscape throughout the growing season.
Hydrangea anomala petiolaris (Climbing Hydrangea): Native to the woodlands of Japan and Korea, Climbing Hydrangea is a vigorous deciduous climber that secures itself to surfaces with aerial rootlets, allowing it to gracefully ascend walls, fences, and trellises. From late spring to early summer, it produces fragrant, white flowers in flattened clusters, with a ring of showy sterile blooms encircling smaller, fertile ones. Its dark green, heart-shaped leaves add lush texture during the growing season, turning golden-yellow in the fall, providing seasonal interest. This versatile plant offers year-round beauty as it transforms bare structures into living features, making it an elegant addition to any landscape.
The best time depends on your location and the species you are planting. Here are some general guidelines:
These flowering shrubs are versatile plants that can be grown in various conditions, although their specific growing requirements can vary depending on the species.
Light: Most plants prefer partial shade, with some species tolerating full sun and others preferring more shade. In general, the hotter the climate, the more shade your plant will need.
Soil: They prefer moist, well-drained soil rich in organic matter. They are also sensitive to soil pH, with some species producing blue flowers in acidic soil and pink flowers in alkaline soil. Learn how to change the color of your hydrangea.
Climate: Hydrangeas are generally hardy in USDA zones 3-9, although their specific cold and heat tolerance can vary depending on the species. Some species are more cold-hardy than others, while others prefer warmer climates.
Space: They can grow quite large, particularly some species like panicle hydrangea (Hydrangea paniculata). Be sure to provide enough space for the plant to grow to its full size without being crowded.
Prepare the Planting Hole: Dig a hole twice as wide and equal in depth to the root ball. Loosen the soil at the bottom to encourage root expansion and proper drainage.
Amend the Soil: Incorporate compost or well-rotted manure into the soil at the bottom of the hole. This improves drainage and provides essential nutrients for healthy growth.
Remove the Plant from Its Container: Gently tap the container sides to loosen the root ball. Carefully slide the plant out, being mindful not to damage the roots. If the roots are circling the pot, gently tease them apart.
Plant: Position the plant in the center of the hole, ensuring the top of the root ball is level with the soil surface. Backfill with soil, pressing it down gently to remove air pockets.
Water Thoroughly: Water deeply to help settle the soil around the roots and reduce transplant shock.
Mulch: Apply mulch around the base to retain moisture and protect the roots from temperature fluctuations
Hydrangeas need thoughtful care to thrive and display their beautiful blooms. Here’s how to keep your shrubs healthy and looking their best throughout the year.
Hydrangeas require consistent watering, especially during dry spells or hot weather. Water deeply to ensure the roots are hydrated, keeping the soil moist but not waterlogged. Check the top few inches of soil regularly—if it feels dry, it’s time to water. Applying mulch around the base helps retain moisture and reduces the need for frequent watering.
Conduct a soil test to determine nutrient levels and whether fertilization is necessary. Too much fertilizer can result in excess foliage at the expense of blooms. Apply fertilizer tailored to your hydrangea type:
Using the right fertilizer at the appropriate time promotes strong growth and encourages blooming throughout the season. Everything you need to know about fertilizing hydrangeas.
Apply mulch (such as straw, leaves, or bark) around the plant’s base to retain moisture and prevent weeds. Keep mulch a few inches away from the stem to avoid rot and fungal issues. Mulching also insulates the roots from temperature extremes.
In colder climates, some hydrangeas need winter protection. Apply a thick layer of mulch around the roots or cover the plant with burlap or cloth to shield it from harsh winds and frost. Bigleaf hydrangeas are particularly sensitive to winter damage, as they bloom on old wood, so extra care is needed to protect their buds. Learn how to prepare your hydrangea bush for winter.
Different types of hydrangeas require different pruning techniques, so it’s important to know the specific species you have before pruning.
The color of hydrangea flowers is influenced by soil pH, with acidic soil producing blue flowers and alkaline soil yielding pink flowers. Although some species are more responsive than others, it is possible to intentionally adjust the pH to change flower colors.
Determine the Current Soil pH: Before making adjustments, test the soil pH. Hydrangeas in acidic soil (pH below 6.0) usually bloom blue, while those in alkaline soil (pH above 6.0) tend to produce pink or red flowers.
How to Change the pH Level
Apply the Amendment at the Right Time: Apply lime or sulfur in the fall or early spring, giving the soil time to adjust before the flowering season. Carefully follow the instructions on the amendment package to avoid over-application, which can damage the plant.
Monitor and Adjust the pH Level: Monitor soil pH regularly to ensure it remains within the desired range. Make additional adjustments as needed to maintain the desired flower color over time.
Note on Species Variability: Not all hydrangeas respond equally to pH adjustments. Bigleaf hydrangeas (Hydrangea macrophylla) and Mountain hydrangea (Hydrangea serrata) are the most responsive, while Panicle and Oakleaf hydrangeas retain their white or creamy hues regardless of pH changes. Over-fertilizing should also be avoided, as it promotes excess foliage at the expense of flowers.
Hydrangeas are beautiful, versatile plants that can be complemented by various companion plants. Here are some ideas for plants that pair well with them:
Hostas: Hostas are shade-loving plants. They make an excellent ground cover and can help to fill in gaps in the garden.
Ferns: Ferns are also shade-loving plants. They provide an elegant, feathery contrast to the hydrangea’s broad leaves.
Japanese forest grass: Japanese forest grass is a low-growing, shade-loving ornamental grass. It provides a soft, flowing contrast to the hydrangea’s bold leaves and flowers.
Astilbe: Astilbe is a shade-loving perennial that produces tall, feathery plumes of pink, red, or white flowers that contrast beautifully with hydrangeas.
Bleeding heart: Bleeding heart is a shade-loving perennial that produces delicate, heart-shaped flowers that complement the rounded shape of hydrangea blooms.
Hydrangeas can be propagated through several methods, including taking stem cuttings, dividing established plants, or layering.
Stem cuttings: Take stem cuttings in late spring or early summer from healthy, new growth. Cut a 4-6 inch (10-15 cm) section of stem with at least two leaf nodes, remove the bottom set of leaves, and dip the cut end in the rooting hormone. Plant the cutting in a pot filled with moist, well-draining potting mix, and keep it in a warm, humid location until roots have formed.
Division: Hydrangeas can also be divided by digging up an established plant in early spring or fall and dividing it into smaller sections, each with several shoots and roots. Replant the sections in well-draining soil and water thoroughly.
Layering: Layering involves bending a lower branch to the ground, making a small wound in the bark, and burying it in the soil. Secure the branch to the soil with a bent wire or stake, and keep the soil moist. Roots will form at the wound, and a new plant will form. Once the new plant is established, cut it from the parent plant and transplant it to a new location.
Discover how to propagate your hydrangea for more beautiful blooms.
Dried hydrangea flowers are a beautiful addition to floral arrangements, wreaths, and other crafts.
Dried hydrangea flowers can last for months or even years if stored properly. They can be used in a variety of creative projects, from wreaths to centerpieces, adding a touch of natural beauty to your home décor.
Hydrangeas can be affected by a range of pests and diseases, so it’s important to keep an eye out for any signs of problems. Here are some common pests and diseases that affect them:
Aphids: These small, soft-bodied insects can cluster on the undersides of leaves and cause damage by sucking sap from the plant. Control them with insecticidal soap or neem oil.
Spider mites: These tiny insects can be identified by the fine webbing they leave on the plant. They can cause damage by sucking sap from the leaves. Control them with insecticidal soap or neem oil.
Powdery mildew: This fungal disease appears as a white, powdery coating on the leaves, stems, and flowers. It can be caused by poor air circulation, high humidity, or overwatering. Treat with fungicides or by improving cultural conditions.
Leaf spot: This fungal disease appears as dark spots on the leaves and can cause them to drop prematurely. It can be caused by wet conditions or poor air circulation. Treat with fungicides or by improving cultural conditions.
Bacterial wilt: This disease causes the plant to wilt and die. It can be caused by poor drainage, overwatering, or damage to the roots. There is no cure for bacterial wilt, so remove and destroy affected plants.
To prevent pests and diseases, it’s important to keep your hydrangeas healthy and well-maintained. This includes providing them with the right amount of water and nutrients, pruning them properly, and avoiding overcrowding. By monitoring your plants regularly and taking action at the first sign of trouble, you can help keep your hydrangeas healthy and beautiful.
Do hydrangeas like sun or shade?
Hydrangeas prefer partial shade, especially during the hottest part of the day. In hotter regions, they can benefit from some protection from the afternoon sun. However, they still need some direct sunlight to produce flowers, so it’s important to find a balance. Morning sun and afternoon shade is often ideal for most species.
Where should you not plant hydrangeas?
Hydrangeas should not be planted in full sun, especially in hot, dry climates. They do not tolerate standing water, so they should not be planted in low-lying areas that are prone to flooding or waterlogging. Their large, delicate leaves can be damaged by strong winds. They should not be planted in areas that are prone to high winds, such as on hilltops or in open fields.
Do hydrangeas grow back every year?
Most hydrangeas are deciduous, which means they lose their leaves in the fall and go dormant for the winter. However, they do come back to life in the spring, producing new leaves and flowers. As long as they are properly cared for, they can grow back every year for many years.
Are hydrangeas high maintenance?
Hydrangeas can be moderately high maintenance, but it depends on the species, location, and growing conditions. While they do require some attention and care, they are not necessarily difficult to maintain.
Marina Andrejchenko, Shutterstock.
| Hardiness |
3 - 9 |
|---|---|
| Plant Type | Climbers, Shrubs, Trees |
| Plant Family | Hydrangeaceae |
| Genus | Hydrangea |
| Exposure | Full Sun, Partial Sun, Shade |
| Season of Interest | Summer (Early, Mid, Late), Fall |
| Maintenance | Average |
| Water Needs | Average |
| Soil Type | Clay, Loam, Sand |
| Soil pH | Acid, Alkaline, Neutral |
| Soil Drainage | Moist but Well-Drained, Well-Drained |
| Characteristics | Dried Arrangements, Cut Flowers, Showy |
| Attracts | Bees, Birds, Butterflies |
| Landscaping Ideas | Wall-Side Borders, Patio And Containers, Beds And Borders |
| Garden Styles | City and Courtyard, Coastal Garden, Informal and Cottage, Traditional Garden |
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Create a membership account to save your garden designs and to view them on any device.
Becoming a contributing member of Gardenia is easy and can be done in just a few minutes. If you provide us with your name, email address and the payment of a modest $25 annual membership fee, you will become a full member, enabling you to design and save up to 25 of your garden design ideas.
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