Acca sellowiana (Pineapple Guava)

Prized for its foliage, flowers and fruit, A handsome shrub worthy of inclusion in the border, as a screen or hedge. Tolerant of drought and salt winds, Pineapple Guava is well-suited to coastal gardens.

Acca sellowiana – Pineapple Guava: An In-depth Look

Acca sellowiana, commonly known as Pineapple Guava, Feijoa, or Guavasteen, is an attractive evergreen shrub or small tree valued for its ornamental appeal, edible fruit, and adaptability. Native to South America, it is widely cultivated for its sweet, aromatic fruit and showy, edible flowers.

Pineapple Guava belongs to the myrtle family (Myrtaceae), which includes popular shrubs and trees such as Myrtle (Myrtus communis), Rainbow Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus deglupta), and bottlebrush (Callistemon spp.).

Native Range

Pineapple Guava originates from the highlands of southern Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, and northern Argentina. It thrives in subtropical and warm temperate climates.

Plant Type and Habit

It is a slow to moderate-growing, evergreen shrub or small tree with a dense, rounded or spreading habit. Its silver-green foliage adds year-round visual interest.

Size

Pineapple Guava typically grows 6 to 15 feet (1.8 to 4.6 meters) tall and wide, though it can reach up to 20 feet (6 meters) in warmer climates. It has a moderate to fast growth rate, typically adding up to 2 feet (60 cm) per year under optimal conditions. This versatile plant can be pruned into a hedge, trained as an espalier, or grown as a specimen tree

Lifespan

Pineapple Guava has a lifespan of several decades. Some plants have been known to thrive for over 50 years under optimal conditions, showcasing their resilience and adaptability to various environments.

Flowers

The tree produces striking, bicolor flowers that measure 1 inch (2.5 cm) in diameter. Each blossom features four fleshy, slightly reflexed white petals tinged with pink and a dramatic cluster of bright red stamens tipped with golden-yellow pollen.

Blooming occurs from late spring to early summer, often in small clusters nestled in the leaf axils. These eye-catching flowers stand out against the silvery-green foliage, adding a dazzling touch to the landscape.

The delicately sweet, edible petals can be enjoyed fresh in salads, desserts, or as a decorative garnish.

Fruits

Pineapple Guava produces small, oval to pear-shaped fruits that are typically 1-3 inches (2.5-7.5 cm) long and weigh between 25-60 grams. The skin is waxy, blue-green to gray-green, sometimes with reddish patches, and is easily bruised. The flesh is juicy and granular, with a sweet-tart, tropical flavor reminiscent of pineapple, strawberry, kiwi, and mint. The fruits or Feijoas are eaten raw, used in jams, jellies, desserts, and as a topping for various dishes

Foliage

Pineapple Guava has thick, leathery evergreen leaves that stay lush all year. The elliptical to ovate leaves, about 1 to 3 inches (2.5–7.5 cm) long, have a cool contrast—deep green and glossy on top, while the undersides are covered in soft, silvery fuzz. This gives the plant a velvety look and makes the foliage shimmer in the light, adding to its charm.

Bark

The bark is smooth and light gray, providing additional visual appeal, especially in mature trees.

Hardiness

Pineapple Guava is hardy in USDA zones 8-11 and can tolerate temperatures as low as 15°F (-9°C). However, prolonged exposure to extreme cold may affect fruit production.

Uses

• Ornamental: A striking landscape plant with unique flowers and evergreen foliage, adding beauty to gardens year-round.
• Edible: Both the fruit and flowers are edible, enjoyed fresh, in salads, or used in jams, desserts, and beverages.
• Hedge or Screen: Can be pruned into a dense hedge or screen, providing privacy and wind protection.
• Wildlife Support: Attracts bees, butterflies, and other pollinators while also offering food for birds.
• Coastal Landscaping: Thrives in coastal gardens due to its high salt spray tolerance.
• Container Plant: Grows well in large pots or planters, making it perfect for patios, balconies, and urban gardens.
• Winter Garden: Its evergreen foliage and unique silvery undersides provide visual interest even in colder months.
• Specimen: Works beautifully as a standalone focal point, showcasing its attractive foliage, fragrant flowers, and ornamental fruits.

Wildlife Value

Pineapple Guava plays a significant role in supporting local wildlife, particularly in its native regions. Its flowers, fruits, and dense foliage make it a valuable plant for various species.

• Frugivores: The fruits of Feijoa are consumed by a variety of animals, including birds and mammals. Over 20 species of vertebrates feed on the fruit, aiding in seed dispersal and contributing to the plant’s spread.
• Pollinators: The vibrant, fragrant flowers attract essential pollinators such as bees and birds, which play a key role in fruit production.
• Habitat Support: The evergreen foliage offers shelter and nesting sites for birds and small animals, contributing to the overall structure of local ecosystems.

Drought and Salt Tolerance

Once established, Pineapple Guava is drought-tolerant and adapts well to dry conditions. It also has moderate salt tolerance, making it suitable for coastal areas.

Toxicity

Pineapple Guava is non-toxic to humans and pets, making it safe for residential landscapes.

Invasiveness

While it can naturalize in some areas, Pineapple Guava is generally not considered invasive.

Benefits and Drawbacks of Pineapple Guava

Benefits

• Ornamental Value: A beautiful evergreen shrub or small tree with striking flowers, silvery-green foliage, and a unique growth habit.
• Edible Fruits and Flowers: Produces delicious, aromatic fruits and edible flower petals that add a tropical touch to dishes and drinks.
• Versatile Landscaping Use: Can be grown as a specimen tree, hedge, screen, container plant, or even trained as an espalier.
• Wildlife Friendly: Attracts pollinators such as bees and birds, while its fruit provides food for wildlife.
• Drought and Heat Tolerance: Once established, it withstands dry conditions, making it a great choice for water-wise gardens.
• Cold Hardy: More frost-tolerant than many tropical fruit trees, enduring temperatures down to 15°F (-9°C).
• Coastal Adaptability: Tolerates salt spray, making it ideal for coastal landscapes.
• Low Maintenance: Requires minimal care once established, with little need for pruning or fertilization.
• Deer Resistance: Seldom browsed by deer, making it a good option for areas with high deer populations.

Drawbacks

• Slow to Fruit: Trees grown from seed can take 4-7 years to produce fruit, and some may require cross-pollination.
• Inconsistent Fruiting: Yields may be low in warmer climates where winter chill hours are insufficient.
• Messy Droppings: Fallen fruit can create litter, attracting pests if not regularly harvested.
• Shallow Roots: Sensitive to root disturbance, requiring careful transplanting and mulching.
• Pest Issues: Susceptible to black scale insects and fruit flies in some regions.
• Wind Sensitivity: Although drought-tolerant, strong winds can damage branches and affect fruit production.

How to Grow and Care for Pineapple Guava

Planting

• Location: Choose a sunny spot with full sun to partial shade, especially in hotter climates. Protect from strong winds.
• Soil: Prefers rich, well-draining soil with a neutral to slightly acidic pH. Avoid waterlogged soil to prevent root rot.
• Temperature: Best suited for USDA hardiness zones 8-11. It tolerates moderate frost but thrives in mild climates.

Watering

• Consistency: Keep the soil evenly moist but not soggy, especially in the first year after planting.
• Mature Plants: Once established, the plant is drought-tolerant but benefits from regular watering for better fruit production.
• Seasonal Care: Reduce watering in winter when the plant is dormant.

Fertilization

• Frequency: Fertilize annually with a balanced fertilizer. Potted plants may require feeding twice a year, in spring and fall.
• Organic Matter: Adding compost around the base improves soil quality and retains moisture.

Pruning

• Occasional Pruning: Remove dead or crossed branches to improve air circulation and maintain a strong structure.
• Shaping: If grown as a hedge, prune more frequently to encourage dense growth.
• Best Timing: Prune in late autumn or winter unless your area experiences heavy frosts.

Harvesting Pineapple Guava Fruit

Pineapple guava fruits ripen in late summer to fall, typically taking 4-7 months to mature. The best way to determine ripeness is when the fruit naturally drops from the tree. Ripe fruits are firm yet slightly soft, with a fragrant aroma. To harvest, gently shake the tree or pick fruits by hand when they detach easily. For the best flavor, allow fruits to ripen at room temperature before consuming. Enjoy them fresh, in smoothies, or in desserts.

How to Propagate Pineapple Guava

Pineapple guava (Acca sellowiana) can be propagated by seeds or cuttings. While seeds take longer to mature into fruit-bearing plants, cuttings ensure faster growth and retain the characteristics of the parent plant.

Propagation by Seeds

• Seed Collection: Harvest fully ripe fruits and extract the seeds. Rinse them thoroughly to remove any pulp.
• Sowing: Plant seeds in a well-draining potting mix at a depth of 1 to 1.5 inches (2.5-4 cm).
• Germination: Keep the soil moist and maintain a warm temperature (70-85°F or 21-29°C). Seeds usually germinate in 3 to 4 weeks.
• Transplanting: Once seedlings have at least two sets of true leaves, transplant them into larger pots or directly into the garden.
• Time to Fruiting: Seed-grown plants may take 4 to 7 years to bear fruit and may not always retain the traits of the parent plant.

Propagation by Cuttings

• Cutting Selection: Take 4-6 inch (10-15 cm) semi-hardwood cuttings from the current year’s growth in late summer.
• Preparation: Remove the lower leaves and dip the cut end into rooting hormone to encourage root development.
• Planting: Insert cuttings into a mix of perlite and peat moss or a well-draining propagation medium.
• Humidity & Warmth: Keep the cuttings in a warm, humid environment with indirect light. Cover with a plastic dome or bag to retain moisture.
• Root Development: Roots typically develop in 6-8 weeks. Once established, transplant into individual pots before moving to the garden.

Common Pests and Diseases of Pineapple Guava

Common Pests

Spider mites

• Description: Tiny pests that feed on plant sap, leading to leaf speckling and damage.
• Symptoms: Fine webbing on leaves, yellowing or speckled foliage.
• Control: Increase humidity, rinse leaves with water, or apply insecticidal soap.

Scale insects

• Description: Small, waxy-coated pests that attach to stems and leaves, sucking plant juices.
• Symptoms: Hard, round, or oval bumps on leaves and branches; honeydew secretion leading to sooty mold.
• Control: Scrape off manually, apply neem oil, or use horticultural soap.

Mealybugs

• Description: White, cottony insects that cluster on stems and leaf axils, weakening the plant.
• Symptoms: Cotton-like residue on plant surfaces; leaf yellowing or distortion.
• Control: Use neem oil, insecticidal soap, or introduce natural predators like ladybugs.

Thrips

• Description: Tiny insects that feed on leaves, causing silver streaks and deformities.
• Symptoms: Silver or bronze streaks on foliage, leaf curling, and distorted growth.
• Control: Remove infested leaves, use sticky traps, or apply neem oil.

Fungus Gnats and Fruit Flies

• Description: Small flying insects often found in damp soil or around fruit.
• Symptoms: Larvae in the soil feeding on roots; adult flies hovering around fruit.
• Control: Reduce watering, use sticky traps, and apply beneficial nematodes.

Common Diseases

Cercospora Leaf Spot

• Description: A fungal disease that causes spots on leaves, leading to defoliation.
• Symptoms: Small black spots with yellow halos, later forming larger blotches.
• Control: Remove infected leaves, improve air circulation, and apply copper-based fungicides.

Sooty Mold

• Description: A black fungal growth that develops on honeydew secreted by sap-feeding insects.
• Symptoms: Blackened, sticky leaf surfaces that reduce photosynthesis.
• Control: Manage pests like scale and aphids, wash leaves, and use horticultural oils.

Downy Mildew

• Description: A fungal-like disease that thrives in high humidity.
• Symptoms: Pale green to yellow leaf spots, later turning brown or purple.
• Control: Improve air circulation, avoid overhead watering, and apply fungicides if needed.

Other Fungal Diseases

• Sphaceloma sp.: Causes small, sunken lesions on leaves and fruit.
• Pseudocercospora feijoae: Leads to dark leaf spots and premature leaf drop.
• Cylindrocladium scoparium: Affects young shoots and causes dieback.
• Phyllosticta sp.: Creates dark lesions on leaves and stems.

Prevention and Treatment

• Regular Inspections: Check plants frequently for early signs of pests or diseases.
• Proper Watering: Avoid overwatering to prevent fungal infections and root rot.
• Pruning: Remove affected branches to improve air circulation and reduce disease spread.
• Organic Treatments: Use neem oil or insecticidal soap for pests and copper-based fungicides for severe fungal infections.
• Quarantine New Plants: Isolate newly acquired plants before adding them to your garden to prevent infestations.

Frequently Asked Questions About Pineapple Guava

Can you eat a pineapple guava?

Yes, pineapple guava (Acca sellowiana) is completely edible. The sweet, aromatic fruit can be eaten fresh by cutting it in half and scooping out the pulp. The slightly tart skin is also edible, though some prefer to remove it. Additionally, the flowers are edible and have a mild, sweet flavor.

Is pineapple guava the same as feijoa?

Yes, pineapple guava and feijoa are the same plant. The botanical name is Acca sellowiana, but it is commonly called feijoa, pineapple guava, or guavasteen. Despite the name, it is not a true guava (Psidium guajava).

What does a pineapple guava taste like?

The fruit has a unique tropical flavor that combines notes of pineapple, guava, and strawberry with a hint of spearmint. The inner flesh is juicy and slightly grainy, while the outer skin can be tart. Fully ripened fruit has a stronger fragrance and sweeter taste.

What is the difference between guava and pineapple guava?

While both belong to the myrtle family (Myrtaceae), guava (Psidium guajava) and pineapple guava (Acca sellowiana) are different species. Guava is native to tropical regions, has a softer, rounder fruit, and often has pink or white flesh. Pineapple guava is more cold-hardy, has a waxy green skin, and a unique tropical flavor profile.

Do you need two pineapple guava trees for fruit?

Some varieties of pineapple guava are self-pollinating, but cross-pollination between two different plants typically improves fruit set and yields. If planting for maximum fruit production, it’s best to grow at least two different cultivars.

How to tell if pineapple guava is ripe?

Ripe pineapple guava fruit will have a slight give when gently squeezed and will emit a strong, sweet fragrance. The fruit naturally falls from the tree when fully ripe. If harvesting early, let it soften at room temperature before eating.