Cashew, Cashew tree, Cashew nut, Cajueiro, Marañón, Caju, Merey, Anacardier, Anacardium curatellifolium, Anacardium giganteum
Anacardium occidentale, better known as the cashew tree, is one of nature’s quirkiest plants. Unlike most fruits, the cashew nut doesn’t grow inside the fruit—it hangs off the bottom like a little tail! But there’s more to this plant than just the nutty snack you find in trail mix.
The cashew tree is a tropical evergreen known for producing both the juicy cashew apple and the much-loved cashew nut. It’s a sun-loving, drought-tolerant plant with broad, leathery leaves and a spreading canopy. While the nut gets most of the fame, the whole plant is fascinating and full of surprises.
Cashew belong to the Anacardiaceae family, also known as the cashew family. This family includes economically important, ornamental, and sometimes toxic plants, such as Mango (Mangifera indica), Mastic Tree (Pistacia lentiscus), Chinese Pistachio (Pistacia chinensis), Staghorn Sumac (Rhus typhina), Smokebush (Cotinus coggygria), and Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans): a notorious toxic plant that can cause severe skin irritation upon contact.
Cashews are native to northeastern Brazil, where they grow in sandy, coastal soils and dry tropical forests. From there, the Portuguese spread them across India, Southeast Asia, and Africa during the 16th century. Today, they’re widely cultivated in tropical climates around the world.
Trees have a low-branching, irregular growth habit and often develop a wide, dome-shaped canopy. They grow quickly and can adapt to poor soils, which makes them popular in reforestation and dryland farming efforts. They’re especially well-suited to dry tropical zones. In ideal conditions, young trees can grow about 2 to 3 feet (0.6 to 0.9 meters) per year.
Cashew trees can live for 30 to 50 years or more, with peak nut production typically occurring between 7 and 20 years of age. Over time, productivity may decline, but older trees can still serve as shade or windbreaks in mixed-use landscapes.
Trees come in different sizes depending on the variety and growing conditions. Here’s a quick comparison:
| Type | Height | Spread |
|---|---|---|
| Standard (wild or large tree) | 20–40 ft (6–14 m) | 25–30 ft (7.5–9 m) |
| Dwarf cultivar | 10–15 ft (3–6 m) | 15–20 ft (4.5–6 m) |
| Ornamental / Container | 10–15 ft (3–4.5 m) | 12–15 ft (3.5–4.5 m) |
The trees grow about 1–2 feet (30–60 cm) per year and reach full size in 5–10 years. The canopy is typically as wide as the tree is tall. For perspective, the world’s largest cashew tree in Brazil covers over 8,000 square meters—almost two acres!
Flowers are small, star-shaped, and pinkish-white. They grow in panicles (branched clusters) and are fragrant, attracting pollinators like bees and butterflies. Flowering typically begins in the dry season, with fruit maturing over the following months.
The cashew “fruit” is actually two parts: the cashew apple (a swollen, juicy stem) and the cashew nut (a true seed attached underneath). The apple is edible and juicy with a tangy flavor, but the nut must be carefully roasted to remove toxic compounds from its shell.
Leaves are broad, simple, and leathery with smooth edges and rounded tips. They are arranged alternately and can grow up to 8 inches (20 cm) long. Young leaves often have a reddish hue that turns green as they mature.
Cashew trees thrive in USDA zones 10–11 and prefer warm, dry conditions with full sun. They are sensitive to frost and waterlogged soils but tolerate drought once established. In cooler climates, they must be grown in containers or greenhouses.
Trees attract a range of wildlife. Bees and butterflies love the flowers, while birds and fruit bats often go after the juicy apples. The dense canopy can also provide shelter for small animals in agroforestry systems.
Raw cashew shells contain urushiol, the same irritating compound found in poison ivy. That’s why cashew nuts are always roasted before eating. The apple is safe and edible, though it can cause mouth irritation in some sensitive individuals.
Cashew trees are not considered invasive in most regions. However, like any adaptable species, they can naturalize in non-native tropical zones if unmanaged. In agroforestry, they’re valued for erosion control and soil improvement.
Cashews may be small, but they pack serious nutrition. A single ounce delivers healthy fats, plant-based protein, and a dose of essential minerals.
Here’s a typical nutritional breakdown for 1 ounce (28g) of raw cashew nuts:
| Nutrient | Amount (per 28g / 1 oz) |
|---|---|
| Calories | 157 kcal |
| Protein | 5 g |
| Fat | 12 g (mostly unsaturated fats) |
| Carbohydrates | 9 g |
| Fiber | 1 g |
| Magnesium | 83 mg (20% DV) |
| Zinc | 1.6 mg (15% DV) |
| Iron | 1.9 mg (10% DV) |
| Phosphorus | 168 mg (13% DV) |
| Vitamin K | 9.7 mcg (8% DV) |
*DV = Daily Value, based on a 2,000 calorie diet.
Cashews are naturally cholesterol-free, low in sugar, and packed with copper—a mineral essential for energy metabolism and immune function. You’ll also find trace minerals like selenium and manganese, along with powerful antioxidants that support overall health.
Cashew nuts, along with cashew-based products like cashew milk, cashew cream, and cashew cheese, offer more than just flavor. They’re functional foods that fuel wellness.
| Health Benefit | How Cashews Help |
|---|---|
| Heart Health | Rich in monounsaturated fats that support healthy cholesterol and reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. |
| Bone Support | Magnesium, phosphorus, copper, and vitamin K all contribute to bone strength and density. |
| Energy Production | High in copper, which is essential for energy metabolism and red blood cell formation. |
| Brain Function | Iron, zinc, B vitamins, and healthy fats all help support memory, mood, and overall brain health. |
| Skin and Hair | Antioxidants and minerals—especially copper—support collagen production and strong, healthy hair. |
| Plant-Based Protein | Great for vegetarians and vegans, cashews offer a nutrient-dense protein option for meals and snacks. |
| Blood Sugar Control | Cashews have a low glycemic index and contain fiber and healthy fats that may support stable blood sugar levels. |
From boosting your heart to nourishing your skin, cashew nutrition supports whole-body health. Enjoy them roasted, raw, in sauces, or stirred into your favorite dishes—just keep portions in check to balance the calories.
Cashews are creamy, delicious, and packed with nutrients—but like many good things, they’re best enjoyed in moderation. Here are a few things to keep in mind when adding them to your diet:
For most people, they’re a safe, satisfying, and nutritious part of a balanced diet. If you enjoy them and have no allergies, go ahead—savor that creamy crunch!
The cashew tree isn’t just about the nut—it’s one of the most versatile tropical plants around! From your favorite creamy spread to dairy-free milk, here’s how cashews show up in daily life:
Cashew products are delicious, dairy-free, and surprisingly multifunctional—no wonder their tree has become a global favorite!
Cashews are more than just a snack—they’re culinary shape-shifters! From savory stir-fries to decadent desserts, here are all the delicious ways to enjoy them:
One of the easiest ways to enjoy cashew nuts is straight from the bag. Try them:
Cashews add buttery richness and texture to cooked dishes. They shine in:
Soaked cashews make an ultra-creamy base for plant-based alternatives:
Cashews add natural sweetness and richness to baked goods and sweets:
In tropical regions, the juicy apple is a delicacy. It’s enjoyed:
Most cashews sold as “raw” have been lightly steamed to remove urushiol, a natural toxin found in the shell. Truly raw cashews are unsafe unless specially processed.
Whether roasted, blended, baked, or stirred into a curry, cashews offer a creamy texture and satisfying flavor that elevate every bite!
Curious about which nuts are topping snack bowls and culinary charts around the world? Here’s a flavorful lineup of the most popular edible nuts—some true nuts, some not technically nuts (we’re looking at you, peanuts!), but all commonly enjoyed and commercially important. Meet the nutty all-stars:
Almond (Prunus dulcis), Cashew (Anacardium occidentale), Walnut (Juglans regia), Pecan (Carya illinoinensis), Hazelnut (Corylus avellana), Macadamia (Macadamia integrifolia, Macadamia tetraphylla), Pistachio (Pistacia vera), Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsa), Pine nut (Pinus pinea, Pinus koraiensis, and other Pinus species), Peanut (Arachis hypogaea), Chestnut (Castanea sativa, Castanea dentata), Hickory nut (Carya species), Pili nut (Canarium ovatum), Ginkgo nut (Ginkgo biloba), Baru nut (Dipteryx alata), and Ogbono nut (Irvingia gabonensis).
From creamy macadamias and rich pecans to protein-packed peanuts and wild acorns, this diverse bunch has something for everyone—whether you’re baking, snacking, or just cracking open something new!
Dreaming of harvesting your own cashew nuts? The tree is more than just productive—it’s a beautiful tropical tree with a spreading canopy and striking flowers. Here’s what you need to know to grow one successfully:
Trees thrive in tropical and subtropical regions with warm temperatures year-round. They need full sun and are highly sensitive to frost and excessive rain. Ideal temperatures are between 70–90°F (21–32°C), and they perform best with a defined dry season. Cashews grow best at elevations below 600 meters and prefer relative humidity between 65–80%.
They prefer annual rainfall between 800–1,500 mm. Too much rain, especially during flowering and fruiting, can reduce yields.
Well-drained sandy or loamy soils with a slightly acidic to neutral pH (5.5–7.0) are ideal. Avoid heavy clay or waterlogged areas, as poor drainage increases the risk of root rot.
Young trees require consistent watering during dry periods to establish strong roots. Once mature, trees become fairly drought-tolerant but produce more nuts with regular moisture.
Feed the tree 2–3 times per year using a balanced fertilizer high in phosphorus and potassium. Adding nitrogen and micronutrients like zinc may further enhance growth. Organic compost or manure is also beneficial.
Early formative pruning—using a modified central leader or open center system—helps establish a strong, productive canopy.
Regular pruning is important to maintain shape, remove dead or diseased wood, and open up the canopy for better light penetration and airflow.
This not only promotes healthier growth but also boosts flowering and fruiting.
With proper care and the right conditions, your cashew tree can thrive for decades, rewarding you with nutritious nuts and vibrant foliage year after year!
Yes, you can grow a cashew plant in a container—especially during its early years or if you’re short on space. While cashew trees naturally grow large, they adapt surprisingly well to pot culture with proper care.
Start with a large pot—at least 10–15 gallons (40–60 liters)—with good drainage holes. As the plant grows, you may need to repot it into a larger container to accommodate its expanding root system. Clay pots offer breathability, while plastic pots are lighter and retain moisture longer—choose based on your environment.
Cashew plants prefer loose, sandy, and well-draining soil. A mix of cactus soil and compost works well. Avoid heavy clay or poorly draining soil, which can cause root rot.
Cashew trees love full sun. Place your container in a bright, sunny spot that gets at least 6–8 hours of direct sunlight each day.
Keep the soil evenly moist but not soggy. Water when the top inch of soil feels dry. Container plants tend to dry out faster, so check regularly, especially in warm weather.
Fertilize 2–3 times per year with a balanced fertilizer, or monthly with a diluted liquid feed during the growing season. Organic options like compost tea or fish emulsion can also be used.
Regular pruning helps keep the plant compact and encourages bushier growth. Use stakes if needed to support the young trunk as it develops.
Cashew plants are frost-sensitive. If you live in a cooler climate, bring your container indoors or into a greenhouse before temperatures dip below 50°F (10°C).
Repot when roots become visible through drainage holes or growth slows. Upgrade to a pot 2–4 inches (5-10 cm) larger in diameter.
While fruiting in containers is possible, it’s more likely if the plant receives ample sunlight, warmth, and care. Even without nuts, a cashew plant makes an attractive and unique tropical houseplant!
Cashews grow at the end of the cashew apple—a pear-shaped, juicy fruit with a sweet yet astringent flavor. The actual cashew nut is the kidney-shaped seed hanging just outside the fruit. Harvesting typically takes place in the late dry season when mature fruits fall naturally to the ground.
Proper storage helps keep cashews fresh, flavorful, and safe to eat—whether raw, roasted, or turned into creamy cashew products.
Avoid direct sunlight, humidity, or heat. Always check for mold, sour odors, or unusual taste before consuming older nuts or homemade products.
Cashew propagation can be done by seed, grafting, or air layering. While home growers often start from seed, commercial orchards prefer grafting for consistent results.
Seed-grown trees typically begin to bear fruit within 3–5 years, though results can vary due to genetic diversity. Grafted or air-layered trees often produce earlier and more reliably. With good care, your tree can thrive and produce for decades!
Cashew trees are relatively hardy, but they can still face challenges from pests and diseases—especially in warm, humid climates. Here’s what to watch for and how to keep your cashew plant thriving.
Keeping your cashew tree healthy with proper care, watering, and spacing goes a long way in preventing most pest and disease issues.
Yes, cashew nuts are highly nutritious. They are rich in heart-healthy unsaturated fats, plant-based protein, dietary fiber, and essential minerals such as magnesium, copper, and zinc. These nutrients support cardiovascular health, bone strength, immune function, and energy production. However, cashews are calorie-dense, so it’s best to enjoy them in moderation as part of a balanced diet.
Absolutely! The cashew fruit, also called the cashew apple, is edible. It has a juicy, sweet-tart flavor with a slightly astringent taste. In tropical regions, people often eat it fresh or use it to make juice, jams, chutneys, or vinegar. Cashew apples are delicate and bruise easily, which is why they are rarely exported outside their growing regions.
Botanically, cashews are not true nuts. They are seeds that develop outside the fleshy cashew apple. Despite this, cashews are classified as nuts in culinary contexts due to their nut-like texture, flavor, and usage in recipes.
To make homemade cashew milk:
1. Soak 1 cup of raw cashews in water for 4–6 hours or overnight.
2. Drain and rinse the cashews.
3. Blend the soaked cashews with 3–4 cups of fresh water until completely smooth.
4. For a smoother texture, strain the mixture through a nut milk bag or fine mesh strainer, though this is optional.
5. Add a pinch of salt and natural sweeteners like vanilla extract or dates if desired.
6. Store in the refrigerator and shake before each use.
Cashew trees thrive in tropical climates with well-drained soil and plenty of sunlight. They are native to northeastern Brazil but are now widely cultivated in countries such as India, Vietnam, Nigeria, and other parts of Africa and Southeast Asia.
Plain, unsalted cashew nuts are generally safe for dogs in small quantities. However, they are high in fat and can cause digestive upset or contribute to weight gain if fed in excess. Never give dogs chocolate-covered or seasoned cashews, as these can be toxic. Always consult your veterinarian before introducing new foods to your pet’s diet.
To make cashew butter at home:
1. Roast 2 cups of raw cashews at 350°F (175°C) for 10–12 minutes for enhanced flavor.
2. Let them cool slightly, then place in a food processor.
3. Blend for 5–10 minutes, scraping down the sides as needed, until the mixture becomes smooth and creamy.
4. Add salt, honey, or cinnamon to taste if desired.
5. Store the cashew butter in a sealed jar in the refrigerator for up to 2 weeks.
| Hardiness |
10 - 11 |
|---|---|
| Plant Type | Fruits, Trees |
| Plant Family | Anacardiaceae |
| Common names | Cashew |
| Exposure | Full Sun |
| Season of Interest | Spring (Early, Mid, Late), Summer (Early, Mid, Late), Fall, Winter |
| Height | 10' - 40' (3m - 12.2m) |
| Spread | 12' - 30' (3.7m - 9.1m) |
| Maintenance | Low |
| Water Needs | Average |
| Soil Type | Loam, Sand |
| Soil pH | Acid, Neutral |
| Soil Drainage | Moist but Well-Drained |
| Characteristics | Showy, Evergreen, Fruit & Berries |
| Tolerance | Drought |
| Attracts | Bees, Butterflies, Birds |
| Garden Uses | Beds And Borders, Patio And Containers |
| Garden Styles | Mediterranean Garden |
| Hardiness |
10 - 11 |
|---|---|
| Plant Type | Fruits, Trees |
| Plant Family | Anacardiaceae |
| Common names | Cashew |
| Exposure | Full Sun |
| Season of Interest | Spring (Early, Mid, Late), Summer (Early, Mid, Late), Fall, Winter |
| Height | 10' - 40' (3m - 12.2m) |
| Spread | 12' - 30' (3.7m - 9.1m) |
| Maintenance | Low |
| Water Needs | Average |
| Soil Type | Loam, Sand |
| Soil pH | Acid, Neutral |
| Soil Drainage | Moist but Well-Drained |
| Characteristics | Showy, Evergreen, Fruit & Berries |
| Tolerance | Drought |
| Attracts | Bees, Butterflies, Birds |
| Garden Uses | Beds And Borders, Patio And Containers |
| Garden Styles | Mediterranean Garden |
How many Anacardium occidentale (Cashew) do I need for my garden?
| Plant | Quantity | |
|---|---|---|
| Anacardium occidentale (Cashew) | N/A | Buy Plants |
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Becoming a contributing member of Gardenia is easy and can be done in just a few minutes. If you provide us with your name, email address and the payment of a modest $25 annual membership fee, you will become a full member, enabling you to design and save up to 25 of your garden design ideas.
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