Provence Rose, Cabbage Rose, Rose de Mai, Shrub Roses
Rosa x centifolia, also known as the Provence Rose or Cabbage Rose, is a historic and highly fragrant rose species cherished for its densely packed petals and globular blooms. First developed in the Netherlands between the 17th century and the 19th century, possibly earlier, this heirloom rose quickly became popular for its unique form and intense fragrance, which remains a cornerstone of the perfume industry.
The Cabbage Rose holds cultural, medicinal, and ornamental significance, making it a favorite in traditional rose gardens. Its lush blooms and versatility in uses, ranging from perfumery to culinary applications, have made it a treasured addition to gardens worldwide.
Roses belong to the Rosaceae family, which includes other plants such as Apples (Malus domestica), Peaches (Prunus persica), and Strawberries (Fragaria × ananassa).
The Cabbage Rose is a deciduous shrub renowned for its large, double, globular blooms that resemble a “cabbage.” The flowers are soft pink to light purple and emit an intense, sweet fragrance that is widely regarded as one of the finest among roses.
Rosa centifolia blooms once in late spring to early summer, offering a profusion of flowers over a short but spectacular period. The blooms are highly valued for their use in perfumes, cosmetics, and rose water, while their aesthetic charm makes them a standout in gardens.
Rosa x centifolia originated in Europe, specifically in the Netherlands, through hybridization involving Rosa gallica, Rosa moschata, and Rosa x damascena. Today, it is cultivated in regions with temperate climates, including Grasse, France, a historic center for perfume production, and Morocco, renowned for producing high-quality rose water and oil.
The Cabbage Rose is a deciduous shrub with an upright arching twiggy habit. Its slightly unkempt growth gives it a natural and informal appearance, making it ideal for cottage gardens, borders, and traditional rose beds.
This rose typically grows 4–5 feet (120–150 cm) tall with a spread of 2–4 feet (60–120 cm). Its manageable size ensures that it fits well in both small and large gardens, offering a lush display of blooms during its flowering season.
The flowers are its most celebrated feature, admired for their beauty and fragrance.
The petals are hand-harvested early in the morning to ensure the highest quality for essential oil and rose water production.
The foliage consists of pinnate leaves with 5–7 leaflets. The gray-green green leaves are slightly textured and provide a vibrant backdrop to the rose’s lush blooms. Arching, thorny stems add to the plant’s rustic charm.
The Cabbage Rose thrives in USDA Zones 5–9, making it well-suited for temperate climates with well-draining soil.
The Cabbage Rose is highly valued for its wide range of applications:
Despite its thorny stems, deer and rabbits can cause damage.
The Cabbage Rose is non-toxic to humans and pets. Its edible petals are widely used in culinary preparations, herbal teas, and cosmetics.
The Cabbage Rose is not invasive. Although it may produce occasional suckers, its growth is easy to manage and does not pose a threat to surrounding plants.
The Cabbage Rose thrives in full sun, requiring 6–8 hours of sunlight daily. Adequate sunlight ensures optimal blooming and growth.
This rose prefers well-draining, fertile soil enriched with organic matter. A pH range of 6.0–7.0 supports healthy growth and abundant flowering.
Regular watering is essential, particularly during the growing season. Deep watering once or twice a week promotes strong roots, while avoiding waterlogged conditions minimizes disease risks.
Feed Rosa centifolia with a balanced fertilizer (10-10-10) every 4–6 weeks during its active growth period. Organic fertilizers like compost or manure can enhance soil fertility.
Prune after flowering to remove dead, damaged, or crossing branches. Overcrowded plants can be rejuvenated by removing older wood and encouraging fresh growth.
Propagate Rosa centifolia using:
This rose may attract common pests such as aphids, spider mites, scale insects, or caterpillars. These pests can damage foliage, flowers, and stems, reducing the plant’s vigor.
Damask Roses are susceptible to several fungal diseases, including rose black spot, rust, and powdery mildew. These diseases often thrive in humid conditions, causing leaf discoloration, defoliation, or stem dieback.
Proper care, including regular pruning, watering at the base, and maintaining healthy soil, minimizes the risk of pests and diseases, ensuring the health and beauty of the Cabbage Rose.
Hardiness |
5 - 9 |
---|---|
Climate Zones | 2B, 3, 3A, 3B, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, H1, H2 |
Plant Type | Roses, Shrubs |
Plant Family | Rosaceae |
Genus | Rosa, Rosa - Shrub Rose |
Common names | Rose |
Exposure | Full Sun |
Season of Interest | Spring (Late), Summer (Early) |
Height | 4' - 5' (120cm - 150cm) |
Spread | 2' - 4' (60cm - 120cm) |
Spacing | 24" - 48" (60cm - 120cm) |
Maintenance | Average |
Water Needs | Average |
Soil Type | Chalk, Clay, Loam, Sand |
Soil pH | Acid, Neutral |
Soil Drainage | Moist but Well-Drained, Well-Drained |
Characteristics | Cut Flowers, Fragrant, Showy |
Garden Uses | Beds And Borders, Hedges And Screens, Patio And Containers |
Garden Styles | City and Courtyard, Informal and Cottage |
Hardiness |
5 - 9 |
---|---|
Climate Zones | 2B, 3, 3A, 3B, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, H1, H2 |
Plant Type | Roses, Shrubs |
Plant Family | Rosaceae |
Genus | Rosa, Rosa - Shrub Rose |
Common names | Rose |
Exposure | Full Sun |
Season of Interest | Spring (Late), Summer (Early) |
Height | 4' - 5' (120cm - 150cm) |
Spread | 2' - 4' (60cm - 120cm) |
Spacing | 24" - 48" (60cm - 120cm) |
Maintenance | Average |
Water Needs | Average |
Soil Type | Chalk, Clay, Loam, Sand |
Soil pH | Acid, Neutral |
Soil Drainage | Moist but Well-Drained, Well-Drained |
Characteristics | Cut Flowers, Fragrant, Showy |
Garden Uses | Beds And Borders, Hedges And Screens, Patio And Containers |
Garden Styles | City and Courtyard, Informal and Cottage |
How many Rosa x centifolia (Cabbage Rose) do I need for my garden?
Plant | Quantity | |
---|---|---|
Rosa x centifolia (Cabbage Rose) | N/A | Buy Plants |
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Create a membership account to save your garden designs and to view them on any device.
Becoming a contributing member of Gardenia is easy and can be done in just a few minutes. If you provide us with your name, email address and the payment of a modest $25 annual membership fee, you will become a full member, enabling you to design and save up to 25 of your garden design ideas.
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