Pteridium aquilinum (Bracken Fern)

Hardy and vigorous, Pteridium aquilinum (Bracken Fern) is a deciduous, rhizomatous fern with large triangular fronds, up to 3 ft. long (90 cm), arising directly from a deep underground rhizome. Each frond is 2-3 times pinnately compound. Clusters of spore cases densely line the inrolled edges of the underside of the fertile fronds. The foliage turns brown and dies after the first autumn frosts in temperate climates, and new fiddleheads emerge from the ground in spring. Bracken Fern is a cosmopolitan fern with a worldwide distribution. Fairly aggressive, it readily spreads into pasture and marginal areas, sometimes forming colonies, and is favored by fire and soil acidity. It is difficult to control particularly because of its ability to sprout from an extensive network of underground rhizomes, up to 20 ft. long (6m). Keep Bracken Fern in untamed sites and avoid planting it in the garden, where the deep rootstocks make it a tough, invasive weed. A great foliage ground cover for dry woodlands.

• Grows up to 3-4 ft. tall and (90-120 cm) and 4-5 ft. wide (120-150 cm).
• Performs best in full sun to part shade in slightly acidic, consistently moist, well-drained soils. Tolerant of poor and sterile soils. Water regularly to get it established, then let it naturalize, watering only during extended droughts. Reduce watering if the plant gets too aggressive. Drought tolerant once established.
• This plant is a fine choice for cottage gardens or woodland gardens.
• Virtually pest and disease free. Fiddleheads are carcinogenic.
• Cut back during winter.
• Propagate by root division while the plant is dormant.
• Toxic to horses.
• Native to Africa, Asia, Europe, and North America.